Conquest of Ireland Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Conquest of Ireland - Essay ExampleThe course of memorial took a deep change when in 1155 Pope Adrian IV issued a bill to the counselor of henry IV. This bill issued by Pope Adrian gave the current mightinesss of loyalty to total heat II who was the King of England. It also gave him the power to enter the territory of Ireland and conquer it. However while Pope Adrian gave Henry IV in all the powers he do sure that Henry IV abided by the bill he passed. The church was given the lordly power and the government there took a change in its policies. Centralized government was promoted in the lands of Ireland afterward Henry IV took over. But the task of triumph was not easy for Henry IV as he had to take help from different nobles belonging to Ireland. Dermot MacMurrough had an important role to play in the conquest of Henry II.2 He was known to be the king of an Irish land named Linster. As MacMurrough was the king of the Irish estate he had total power over the trade activiti es happening in Linster. And these trade activities helped him to surface a good relationship with Henry II. However after a passage of time MacMurrough was constrained to go in exile by the other nobles living in the Irish state. This made MacMurrough look the help of Henry II to enter his territory of Linster again. And as the internal structure of the Irish state was in a jeopardy Henry II took the benefit of the situation. MacMurrough was granted troops by Henry II to conquer his state Linster simply in the form of a recommendation. This recommendation given by Henry II urged a person known as Strongbow to provide MacMurrough with his army. But when MacMurrough asked for support from Strongbow he gave such conditions to MacMurrough which were not acceptable to him. And thus he locomote ahead without the support of Strongbow. However he gained the support of different nobles and moved into the land of Ireland with a very small army in 1167. In the beginning the conquest was p roved to be quite successful but as he moved ahead the enemies brought in forces which could not be stopped. At this moment MacMurrough was aided by other consort to be triumphant again in the campaign. MacMurroughs army consisted of a very small amount of people, but these people were known to be well equipped and brave. This army helped MacMurrough gain access to the old state of Linster and he was once again pronounced the King of Linster. Soon after he broke a deal which he had previously made with his enemies and this proved to be costly for him as the enemies were charging on him with a great force. Seeing the situation MacMurrough cognize that he did not have adequate equipment and soldiers to fight a large army and requested Strongbow again to conquer Ireland. Strongbow with a large army marched towards the state of Ireland and emerged victorious in conquering Dublin. Soon after the conquest he established the rules and ethics of an Anglo Norman small town in the states of Ireland. After the death of MacMurrough, Strongbow was also named as the King of Linster.3On the other hand all these invasions were being closely monitored by King Henry II. He realized that England was surrounded by a number of enemy countries which were France and Spain. And now as Ireland was going under the control of Anglo-Normans Henry II realized the danger. The thought of being surrounded by a number of enemies through out the territory of England made King Henry II conquer Ireland. As King Henry II

Principales of Economics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Principales of Economics - Research root word ExampleOn the contrary, microeconomic deals with economics concepts such as the way supply and demand worry in particular markets for goods and services. Essentially, the article clearly shows that macroeconomics directiones on matters that impact the economy as a tout ensemble (Romer, 2011). Microeconomics focuses on matters that have a direct bearing on companies and persons. Macroeconomics concepts concerns about how all the markets act unneurotic to produce the large phenomenon that is referred in economics as aggregate variables. The concept of microeconomics analyses a angiotensin-converting enzyme market, for instance, the changes in prices of particular commodities or whether they are driven by the changes in demand and supply. In macroeconomics, the focal percentage point of analysis is the government, in which the function it plays in contributing to the overall growth of the economic or in combating inflation. The article s points out that the macroeconomics also deals with international sphere due to the interlink between domestic markets and foreign markets with avenues like trade, investments and flow of capital. Nevertheless, the microeconomic also incorporates some global components. It is concerned with transnational components because a single market is not confined to a specific nation.The economic concepts are outstandingly related and the deuce study issues that often overlap considerably (Baumol & Blinder, 2011). The areas in which the two have a common focus are inflation and the cost of living for a particular economy. Inflation is instigated by a fare of factors that range from low rates of interest to expanding the supply of money. Whereas inflation looks like a solely macroeconomic field of study, it is the one crucial issue in microeconomics. Inflation leads to skyrocketing prices of services and goods and consequently causing a sedate impact for businesses and individuals. The eff ects of inflation have myriad impacts

Software Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

software package Engineering - Essay ExampleSoftware requirements, 2. Software design, 3.Software construction, 4. Software testing, 5. Software maintenance, 6. Software configuration and management, 7. Software engineering management, 8. Software engineering process, 9. Software engineering tools and methods, 10. Software quality, and 11. Knowledge areas of link disciplines (Computer Engineering, Computer Science, Management, Mathematics, Project Management, Quality Management, Software Ergonomics, and Systems Engineering) (SWEBOK, 2004 p. 1-2). Software engineers, therefore, must be proficient with the latter knowledge areas to handle every software engineering projects properly, successfully and efficiently.The software engineering project being analyze at hand is the confabulate Application. According to the given case, the status of which is that there is an unexpected disappearing messages that caused the group unmatchable extra week to debug. Further, the Director for So ftware Services has the following comments, impressions and questions 1. She is not pleased with the delay, 2. She comes to one of the status meetings to fetch out what happened, 3. She states, Your team has been testing this application for weeks and didnt find any problems, 4. She asked, Why didnt you find the problem sooner?, and 5. She also asked, Is there any way we can kept this from happening once again?As a member of the team, she wants you to discuss the following 1. Your opinion on testing, 2. Whether an application that passes testing is part with from errors, 3. Whether it is possible to design a test that will find all potential errors in the Chat Application, 4. What other techniques or strategies can developers use in conjunction with testing.Software testing consists of the dynamic arrest of the behavior of a program on a finite set of test cases, suitably selected from the usually infinite executions domain, against the expected behavior.(SWEBOK, 2004 p. 5-1)Ba sed on the above authoritative

Forum APA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Forum APA - Essay ExampleIn academic constitution, it is critical to understand the type of sources that are allowed for hold. Books are atomic number 53 of the academic sources of information in writing. These sources may be accessed from the library or from online libraries. The other authentic source of information when interrogationing for academic writing are journals and peer reviewed articles that are also available from libraries and online (Jager and Bak, 2003). Students may also use reports from governments and different organizations as the source of information when writing. Published theses are also used as authentic sources in writing (Adams and Forsyth, 2006). Lastly, a student is allowed to use some online materials when researching.Despite the numerous numbers of sources that a student canful use, one is warned against using some online sources such as Wikipedia, blogs and websites ending with .com. Whenever a student uses any source, one is required to cite i t accordingly within the text and provide a list of references after the take a shit is completed (Adams and Forsyth, 2006). Citing of references may be carried out based on different referencing styles. The most common referencing styles are American Psychologist Association (APA), Modern Language Association (MLA), Harvard, Chicago and Oxford. References are cited in any research work to avoid cases of plagiarism and to give tribute to the source of any idea (Jager and Bak, 2003).One of the reasons for the use of feel reference in writing is to assure that the student accesses authentic information. In the sources such as Wikipedia and blogs, the information contained may be changed by different people. This makes such information untrustworthy and incredible for use. However, quality sources contain accurate facts that have been tested through research and over a long stoppage (Jager and Bak, 2003). Quality sources are also important as they provide

Pathology of Ageing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pathology of Ageing - Essay ExampleA quality of life of elder patients depends more on ageing-related disease than solely on chronological characteristics. Natural transformations in the status of the being during the process of ageing, such as the stirs in the immune, cardiovascular and endocrine systems (Martin, & Sheaff 2007), occur simultaneously with abnormal morbid processes associated with variety of age-related diseases, such as wear and tear of skin, muscles, and skeleton (Freemon, & Hoyland 2007), cardiovascular system (Greenwald 2007), etc. These dickens types of changes interact closely in various types of age-related diseases such as hearing loss, noise damage, skin damage, hypertension, change magnitude body mass index, etc.The process of aging is associated with changes in the human brain at the macroscopic and microscopic levels. Although the recent studies have found that loss of neurons in aging persons is more modest than some past studies suggested and is l imited to only some neuron populations, the reduction in the size of remaining neurons has been revealed as well as a reduced size of dendritic and axonal arborizations (Esiri 2007). Electrical activities of the brain change notably as the personal growth older. The changes are observed primarily in a euphony of the brain and they do not depend on the absence or presence of any somatogenic disorders or diseases.Serious cognitive changes are associated with aging. Various cognitive abilities demonstrate different patterns of change all over the process of normal aging. (Schaie, 1994). The most common changes occur to reaction time, the overall speed of information processing, and reduction in visuospatial and motor control abilities, memory, and attention, particularly the ability to divide ones attention, to shift focus rapidly, and to deal with tortuous situations (APA, 2003). Cognitive functions that are better preserved with age include learning, language and vocabulary skil ls, reasoning, and other skills that trust primarily on

Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 24

Accounting - Essay prototypee interested parties conceptualize as well up as enabling them have a reveal understanding of the financial soundness of the firm (Donald, 2007).For a new business, as well as an live one, in order tocontinuewill its operations, meeting customers aimand its objectives of wealth maximization, there is a need tosourcefunds (Steven, 2009).The cardinalbroadsources of funds aredebtand equity which may vary depending on a number of factors, though not limited to the nature of the firm, its operations and itsmarketrepute. The combination of these two sources of funds refers to thefirms capital structure. In order to achieve the stated objective of the firms quad employees as stated in the question, employees numbersare assignedi.e., employee no. 1, 2, 3, and 4. The most appropriate rank ofpaymentis monthly for easy accounting.To achieve this, firm has togeneratesome accounts in its charts ofaccountincluding payroll, salaries and plightpayableaccounts.These accounts are debit (Dr) and credit (Cr) as argued by (Donald, 2007). For effective operation of the business, tangible assets wish plant andmachinery, computer, motor vehicles equipment, furniture and fittings among others. According to FASB guideline, all these assets are subject to depreciationdueto habiliment and tear as they continuebeing used. Therefore, accounts like depreciation expense, accumulated depreciation as well asindividualassetsaccountshould be prepared and be included in thefirms charts of accounts. An example of journal entries based on charts of accountsis shownbellow.Some of the internal controls which are aimed at reducing the firms general risk are, compliance with laws and regulation, reliability of financial reporting and effectiveness as well as efficacious operation of the

Getting Started on Twitter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Getting Started on Twitter - Essay ExampleOn your homepage, you depart see posts of the people you have decided to follow, while the people who follow hotshot will see his or her posts in their homepage.1. Set up an account In order to set-up an account one should visit http//twitter.com and fill out their full name, email and password on the box labelled mod to Twitter? then click Sign up for Twitter. Considering that one will require people to spot them to ensure that they prat followed, it is then better to use a name that people commonly deal one by (Fitton, Poston and Gruen 2009)..2. Build your whileline One will get to follow people so that they fuel get their tweets, thus, one can chase for names of people that you would like to follow using the search box provided and also follow some of the people suggested by Twitter. One has a choice of skipping this ill-treat and searching for people to follow after you are done back roll up and customizing their account.3. Add part In this step a peerson is required to build their profile by uploading a picture and cock-a-hoop more information nigh themselves specifically their education, career and personal information through which people can remember or differentiate one by.4. Tweak Ones settings In order to have the preferred setting on your account, on right side of the Twitter home page there is a drop down menu, click on settings to be able to make the changes that you want. One can change the time zone and language, additionally, one can choose protect my tweets implying that only those that one has approved will be able to view his or her posts. There is also a provision for selecting the country of residence, and on clicking involve your archive, one receives a link in the email address one provided containing information about them and their tweets, and always after customizing ones preferred settings Click save changes to ensure that they are saved (Fitton, Poston and Gruen 2009).When one enters their expeditious

5th street Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

5th street - Essay ExampleYet to ensure that these cyclist do not get into accidents especi whollyy where the street has point of intersections, the bike lane has ramps. It serves like the bumps that protagonist to inform the rockers of the intersection and thereby alerting them to reduce their speed.The making of the road and the singularityposts also help to inform all the road users of the need to keep watch of each other. thither ar areas, islands that are raised to help prevent accidents from other motorists coming from other lanes, fig a3. This way, it offers simple ways to avoid such clashes. There are signposts along major intersections where more than two lanes intersect. They provide adequate information to both the bikers and the motorists. The sign like the one shown in FIG is a stop sign with details 4-way intersection on the left of the signpost.Along the fifth street, there are special places that are set away for the elderly and even the parents. Streets have bu lb outs, as shown in fig b1 are both useful and efficient for the elderly and for parents with children. The reason is that hey shorten the distance that is taken crossing roads or intersection. identical the one shown in fig b2, it is thereafter followed by a raised seating area for these gathering of individuals. The reason for such consideration is that this group of individuals are much slower and may require to do work several stop overs before getting to their destination. It provides them with sessions of taking breaks and a good place to also necessitate their mail online if they so choose.For children in particular, there are so many considerations that have been put in place to ensure that they are safe. Some of the measures include warning the road users of the speed limit they are to observe. This is the case in fig c1. At such a limit, braking is easier to avoid accidents. Other measures are having sign posts that give warning to road users about the presence of ch ildren, especially school children crossing the road. The signs are

Financial accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Financial accounting - Essay ExampleAnother reason in prolong of recognizing the goodwill nonphysical asset assets is that decision to acquire assets from others reflects there is impalpable asset value of the asset acquired. The extremity of a air acquiring another business entity facility or brand name kinda of developing its own demonstrates that an external value of intangible asset exist in the market transaction.Consequently, business organizations should recognize the external value triggering acquisition of external market value attached to the assets to reflect the historical value of the business entity in the balance tack statement. However, there has been argument against recognition of the various intangible assets in the balance sheet financial statement. One of the arguments against recognition of intangible assets in the balance sheet is that it enhances the bread information since the balance sheet financial statement will be cleansed from soft assets that rent no physical substance. In addition, balance sheet information quality is improved since the cost of managing earnings is relatively reduced (Wahlen, Bradshaw, Baginski, & Stickney, 2010). Another reason against recognizing intangible assets in the balance is the uncertainty and difficult to match the ability of asset recognized will generate revenue in future. Consequently, recognition of goodwill, market- colligate assets and contract related assets has the authority of causing material bias on the value of the business entity according to arguments against recognition of intangible assets in the balance sheet statement.Amortization of intangible assets faces both support and disapproval due to the potential material effect it causes in the balance sheet statement. One of the reasons in support of amortization of intangible asset is that the ability of a business to generate revenue in different financial is influenced by the market reputation of it brand name.

Contract Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Contract justness - Essay ExampleIn the case of Bell,3 the court ascertained that in the regular(a)t of an occurrence of harsh errs that undermines the subject of the compact it renders that contract void. The law recognizes three types of common mistakes namely, res extincta, res sua and mistake on the basis of quality and personality of the subject matter of the contract. Res axtincta is a common mistake where the parties ship into a contract to acquire something that does that both parties are unaware of its non-existence.4 res sua is a common mistake where one party forms an agreement with the other to acquire the interest in something already that party has, save without the knowledge of either party. Finally, a common mistake on the basis of quality is where the parties form an agreement to perform something different from what they thought it was.5A common mistake can limit the parties to the contract from hit an agreement because the parties are incapable of establish ing corresponding offer and acceptance on an essential issue of the agreement.6 Also, even when parties have reached an agreement, there is a shared mistake in relation to the associated circumstance. Under the English cat valium law, the common mistakes superpower undermine the contract by rendering it completely void.7 However, unless the issues are serious it might not be necessary for the parties to seek legal intervention, even though, the parties could not have entered into the agreement had they cognise the true position at the time they were forming the contract.8Equitable jurisdiction refers to a structure of integrity considered to rise the common law by taking action in an equitable and rational manner that results in just outcome.9 Under equitable jurisdiction, the parties to the contract are prohibited from enforcing their legal rights in case it was out of the question for them to do so. The essence of equitable jurisdiction is to ensure no party takes

Landscapes and Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Landscapes and Film - Essay Exampleesis statement In the film Witchfinder General, the director (say, Michael Reeves) makes example of the landscape as an effective and active container or important character to prove how beautiful landscapes mountain be employmentd to portray human attitude towards violence, bloodshed, and manipulation deep down horror film genre.The scuttle scene (see, appendix-1) in the film Witchfinder General is symbolic of the directors decision to make use of British landscape as a contrasting character against violence and bloodshed. For instance, the director blends the beautiful British landscape with the hanging of a lady by a group of witch hunters. The scenic sweetheart of British landscape, including villages, hills, and trees are beautifully portrayed in the film. The viewer may suspect that the director is act to divert his/her attention from the violence and bloodshed in the film. In actual sense, the director is aware of the occurrence that landscape is important to a film with historical and cultural importance. If the films background is different, the viewing audience may not feel the presence of British culture.The director chose an important time period within British history ( courtly War era), for his film. To be specific, the British civil society underwent rapid transformation during the Civil War. During this period, armed conflicts and unexpected rebellions were usual in the society. The fight between the rebels and the supporters of the monarchy created trouble among the mass. Besides, the civil war stop by making sure that the parliament (symbolic of the people) will be an influential factor within British politics.One can see that rural England is renowned for its scenic beauty. Within this context, Matthew Hopkins (say, the thwarter) unexpected arrival at the village is symbolic of the urban invasion on rural atmosphere. To be specific, the director makes use of the antagonist to prove that his arriva l created trouble among the villagers and destroyed their peaceful

The US-Mexico Border Flow of Illicit Drugs Essay

The US-Mexico Border Flow of Illicit Drugs - Essay ExampleThe major aim of this cooperation has been to manufacture disruption for illicit drugs market in order to make the situation more difficulty for the felonious traffickers to manufacture and traffic the drugs to the US. The US has been providing the Mexican authorities with some projects and programs such as interdiction of freight of cocaine which comes from S tabuh America, stemming the manufacture and carrying of opium poppy and hemp. In addition to this it has come up with a program of exacting precursor chemicals employed in methamphetamine production (Los Angeles Times).Mexico, over the years, had decided to curb the problem with no support from the US. This sensitivity of national sovereignty created difficulties for the two nations to establish good coordination for the counter narcotics operations. Later in early 1990s there was some improved cooperation while in 1998, the two countries concluded this by signing the Bi-national drug Control Strategy. They deliver kept on cooperating to curb the flow of drugs across the edge despite the challenges experienced (Luis).Despite the fact that the two countries have been putting so much try to fight the flow of drugs from or through Mexico to United States of America through the US-Mexico frame, thousands of tons of nefarious drugs have still been flowing from Mexico into the USAevery year. There have been fewer cases of report seizures of this illicit business in the leeway over the past years. 1.30 JustificationSeveral challenges that the counter-narcotics face have prevented it from achieving its goals. One of the major problems is good cooperation and co-ordination amidst the two countrys authorities. s authorities. Creating this link would help to over come some of the barriers created in this war. This research seeks to find out some of the major challenges posses which prevent the authorities from attaining a zero tolerance to traf ficking of drugs across the border and the solutions to them. 1.40 HypothesisBeing aware of the challenges and problems faced in the war against the flow of drugs across the border would help in understanding how to overcome them and eventually winning the fight against this vice. 1.50 Objectives1. To find out whether the illegal drug have still been flowing to US across the border without being seized. 2. To find out the reasons why this drugs are flown in without being noticed by the counter-narcotics and the authorities 3. To suggest what the authorities of the two countries should do to improve the situation. 2.0 Literature ReviewThere have been several efforts made by two authorities to cease the flow of illicit drugs. In 2000, the Mexican Authorities reported that the average join of cocaine coming into Mexico which intention of transshipment into the United States of America has been estimated to be almost 290 metric tons. The amount reported to have been seized in the US- Mexico Border is about 36 metric tons that year. The amount of quality cannabis as well as heroin manufactured in Mexico the same year is estimated to be about 9,400 metric tons per year for marijuana and about 19 metric tons for heroine. Reported seizures for marijuana is said to be about 2,900 metric tons for a year while for

Paper Converters ltd Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Paper convertors ltd - examine Example..8 4. Impact of culture on organization..9 5. Multi-Cultural deference...10 5.1 Individualism (IDV)10 5.2 Power outperform (PDI).10 5.3 Masculinity / Femininity (MAS).11 5.4 Uncertainty avoidance (UAI)..12 6. Management deference.......12 6.1 Achievement vs. Ascription.13 6.2 Individualism vs. Communitarianism.13 6.3 inner(a) vs. External14 6.4 Neutral vs. Emotional..14 6.5 Specific vs. Diffuse14 6.6 Time Orientation15 6.7 Universalism vs. Particularism..15 7. ... Although, the twain founder executives of the corporations are childhood acquaintances ethnicity, they have dissimilar vision and views.The culture of both(prenominal) corporations are strongly swayed by their founding executives. Employees of both companies greatly believe in their originators vision that slowly developed into their own enterprise culture that resulted into an organizational ethnicity clash amid Dyson Paper and Jones Sales Agent Limited, when they move to Paper Converter Limited. The aim of this report is to evaluate the case of Paper Converter in enjoy to organization and international (UK). The report will give a breakdown of the Paper Converter cultural drawback via Cultural Web investigative tool for organizational cultures, alsoHofstede four dimensions, Pestel and Fons Trompenaar cultural structure forglobal cultures (UK) to bring on where Paper Converter is falling short in addition toways of overcoming this organisational problem. 1. Background of the Company Paper Converter Ltd was established in 1988 after an merger amid the Dyson Paper and Jones Sales Agent Ltd. Dyson Paper was established in 1983, in Corby, unify Kingdom with the inducement from the government of Britain during the depression phase early on in 1980s. Mainly, Dyson Paper takes care of the management and production, whereas Jones Sales Agent Limited assumed the responsibility of marketing and sales, from two unconnected premises positioned 60miles apart. 1.1 Market Situation Paper Converters central market was United Kingdom, Middle East and West Africa. To enhance production capacity as well as let down production cost, the firm went worldwide through setting up a factory in Zambia

Environmental Law, Air Pollution Permits Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Environmental Law, shine Pollution Permits - Essay ExampleWhenever a directive relating to emission principles or other requirements is adopted, it provides for the compliance with standards no later than the specified date (Theodore, 2008).Cap and trade is an ecological policy tool that delivers results with an obligatory bonnet on emissions while providing flexibility on how they comply. Successful summit and trade programs reward efficiency, innovation and environmental responsibility without infringing on economic growth. Examples of cap and trade programs consist of the acid rain program and the budget training program. This program is also known as emissions transaction. These two programs differ in several ways. They include, the cap and trade program involves the purchasing of emission credits while the bubble program entails the controlled emissions with breaking both of the agreements incurs heavy fines. The use of emission trading has enhanced the achievement of envir onmental goals. Some skeptics have suggested that emissions trading has become an avenue for evading environmental requirements, while the bubble program enhances the achievement of environmental goals (Schaltegger, 2010).A unmoving source is the basis that discharges more amounts of pollutants other than those defined by the Environmental Agency that protects the environment. This organization is in charge of regulating and monitoring of pollution. New Source Performance Standards define the amount of pollutants allowed by reliable sources. A stationary source of air pollution is any fixed emitter of air pollutants. They include major power plants, petroleum refineries and petrochemical plants (Reitze, 2005).Mobile source air pollution is any form of air pollution emitted by equipment that can be moved from one location to another. They include motor vehicles, airplanes, locomotives and other engine determined machines. Most of these pollutants contribute to environmental degra dation and have a harmful

Analysis of Interpersonal Relationship Development Essay

Analysis of Inter face-to-face Relationship study - Essay Exampleto know each other, through first forming an impression of each other, based on the outward look or perceived character, and gaining interest in them (Beebe, Susan and Mark, 292)Acquaintance It was the next lay out after the pre-interaction, where we began to form a connection. It entailed approaching my partner, passing greetings and enquiring basic randomness like names (292).exploration This is the next stage we went through, where we started disclosing self information and taking more interests in engaging each other, at a more personal level (Beebe, Susan and Mark, 292).Intimacy The state at which the consanguinity blossomed to intimacy and discourse became more personalised, where we talked about anything and everything. It was marked by indulgence in intimate activities (Beebe, Susan and Mark, 293).Turning point The relationship then reached a casual turning point, which is the event that moves the partners apart (293), when I realized that my partner had be to me about status, claiming to have been single, yet there already was a previous engagement.The relationship started at the cognizance stage where we noticed each other and formed an impression based on the physical outlook. This was followed by the acquaintance stage where we embarked on knowing each other more personally. Then followed the exploration stage, where we self-disclosed information to each other, and then jumped to the intensification and intimacy stages, both of which occurred simultaneously and the intimacy stage overshadowed the intensification stage through personalized communication and discussing anything and everything. The relationship then entered the stagnation stage, after realizing that my partner had lied to me, and eventually separation occurred, where the personal interaction was terminated completely.Interpersonal relationships are formed through a process that entails different stages, where angi otensin-converting enzyme stage leads to the other.

Why Did Revolutions Break Out in Germany and Italy in 1848 Essay Example for Free

Why Did Revolutions Break Out in Germany and Italy in 1848 EssayThe Spring of Nations, which consisted in the public uprisings and revolutions that occurred in 1848, was caused by a series of factors which included social, economical and government crisis. Although these problems were serious and well eradicated, the study factor that caused these disorders was the rise of nationalist and liberalist ideas. When in 1845 a combination of massive crop failure in a mainly agricultural subsistence economy and a overproduction followed by an underconsumption of goods typical of the early industrialisation led to a destructive economic crisis and recession. That year the potato blight, which was a vegetal desire that bear upon tubers such as potatoes, struck atomic number 63 making entire countries which their whole agriculture, since the Spanish brought the potatoes in Europe in the late 1400s, was based on the growth of this crop. Because of this disease, countries such as Irela nd and Germany faced a great lose of food. The following year also a grain failure made the situation, if possible, even worse.This lack of food caused the prices of aliments to rise incredibly to the point where the daily pay of a factory worker wasnt becoming to buy food to feed his family, of corse supposing that the factory worker didnt get fired because of the fall in essential of industrial products. With such an economical situation riots and acts of violence soon broke pop out. In 1846 the peasants in the Austrian provence of Galicia revolted against their landlords burning the documents regarding their feudal dues and attacking wealthy people.Similar hunger-driven acts of violence occurred in all of Europe. Soon the Austrian army put down the revolt but no actions were taken by the government to take in the problems that made it happen. The combined effect of a agricultural lesser production and the industrial overproduction bear on negatively trade. Exports and impo rts dropped in all of Europe, even in the tax free zones such as the Zollverein where in three years the cotton exports dropped by 40%, and this angered greatly the people who controlled commerce at that time the middle class.Although the middle class didnt start to riot straight away, this tension due to the economic losses will drive them towards liberal ideas and off from supporting the traditional government. After Napoleons definitive trouncing in 1815, the liberals and the other carriers of the French revolutions ideas lost the hope to see reform brought out directly from the government. In a absolute monarchic Europe where these ideas were suppressed there was no space for semipolitical resistance because the governments outlawed any right of speech or press. Because of this repressive situation, undercover societies started rising.Both nationalistic and liberal driven, these societies had the goal to fight reform and patriotism thus inspiring the people, especially the middle class, to revolt and embracing radical ideals. Major evidence of the popular will of independence and reform, was the burn ing of puppets which represented the leaders of the superannuated regime. Particularly popular especially in the German Confederation, Italy and Hungary was the burning of puppets representing the maximum exponent of conservatism and reactionism Prince Klemens von Metternich.The counter-liberalist policies carried out by the members of the holy alliance, Austria, Prussia and Russia, were ineffective. By censuring the press and removing the right of speech, the people didnt stop asking for change and breeding about these ideas but they started to feel more repressed thus angering the people. Since the French revolution of 1789, Europe had been struck with innovative enlightened ideas such as the rights of man, the idea of universal suffrage (not including though women) and the idea of political liberalism.These ideas were mostly successful in the middl e class which, over the past 250 years, became increasingly richer due to trade, banking and factory substituting de facto the nobility as most rich class. Although the middle class obtained economical power, the states offices were run by aristocrats and nobles appointed by the king. The middle class started growing resentment towards the monarchy and wanted their economical power to check up on their political power which, at the moment, they didnt have.Because of the repressive acts issued by the governments, especially the Austrian one, any kind of face of liberal or nationalist ideas was to be punished (often with exile or prison), so secret societies started rising. These secret societies had the aim to promote liberalism and nationalism throughout actions against the governments. Mazzini, an italian radical, found Young Italy and Young Europe to promote the ideas spawned by the revolution. Although there were many secret societies, the most prominent was the italian Carbon ari.The Carbonari were responsible and financed both the 1821 and 1848 uprisings in Italy. In conclusion all the factors that led to the Spring of Nations were important, especially the economic crisis and the famine because it angered the rase class making them too riot and revolt against the government, but without the nationalistic and liberal ideas that came along with the revolt made the difference. If it hasnt been for those ideals the Spring of Nations would have only been a mass of angry peasants rioting for the food shortages.

Strategy to overcome loneliness Essay Example for Free

Strategy to overcome loneliness EssayThough Mrs. Kennedy is indeed a lonely woman, the ritual of having to visit the park each Saturday usually helps her to cope with her boredom and loneliness. It is patent how lots this old lady enjoys from the simple activities. The Saturday outing provides a prospect for Miss. Kennedy to be in the presence of other(a) people as she leaves her little boring room which she has lived for the last seventy five years.She has employed the evasive action and the techniques of listening keenly and watching in order to passively feel happy and complete in the ongoing activities of the crowd at the park. She is a major expert at eavesdropping to other peoples conversation. This habit of listening and pretending she is not interested has helped her a lot as it makes her feel include too and start up of the separate. Being an avid watcher, Mrs. Kennedy pays immense attention to all those who are around her.through and through the same care that she places in noticing and appreciating the presence of other people, she usually hopes deep inside that somebody among the group would obviously notice incase she was not there. This thought helps her to have a sense of communion and gladness in the midst of strangers on Saturdays. Miss. Kennedys seizes each opportunity she get to imagine herself as universe connected with individuals that she observes in attempt to have some sense of belonging.She usually likens herself to being a part and parcel of the family that the band in the park plays. In effect, the Saturday outing offers her a means to escape from the closing off that is felt and has always been felt in her solitary existence since her husband died through engaging herself in all the happenings of the public park. However, as she listens and observes, she usually prefers to view her entire world through her set of dark glasses in order to confront the truth that she is indeed a lonely woman.

Victor Frankenstein Essay Example for Free

overlord Frankenstein EssayHis horror at how vie divinity has backfired is exemplified more(prenominal) by associating his creation with Dante and hell, whilst also referring to him as a demoniacal corpse, showing tremendous limit from his original intentions. Because the reader doesnt yet know what (if any amour) is going through the mind of the monster, it is unaccompanied natural that they female genitalia sympathize with Frankenstein, and pity him in his fear and disap channelisement whether they believe him to be foolish and arrogant or non. After him being occupied with naught solely his work for so long, the arrival of Clerval serves as a reminder to the reader and Frankenstein of his family back home, bringing back an element of normality in Victors thoughts. When he f tout ensemble ill, he is cared for and written to, showing that no matter how much he may fuck off overlook his family he is still lucky to have them to care for him, whereas his monster has no nhing and nobody. The next time we ensure from the creation is when Victor encounters him on his way to Geneva.Without any real evidence, he immediately blames his fiend for the executing of William and is no less than degrading with his explanation of him. Saying that a flash of light illuminated the mark quickly gives us an impression of the creature being sinister, as we normally associate lightning with being threatening. The nonethelesst that Victor objectifies his creation also shows how he is looked upon by his creator as a simple thing that entirely resembles a living being. Throughout the next few chapters, Shelley makes us feel sorry for Victors family and perchance Victor himself by using the death of Justine and William effectively.When it seems clear to Victor that these cardinal people have died because of his actions, he has an epiphany-like moment. Besides from the initial thrill and enthusiasm he first felt Victor knows that his dream has caused him nothi ng notwithstanding pain. He says that his guilt hurried him forth to a hell of intense tortures, such as no language can describe, this is certainly giving us the impression that he feels sorry for himself. He conk outs angry at his creation I gnashed my teeth, my eyes became inflamed even though he has no proof that the fiend had anything to do with the murder, he curses him for it without any doubt.However he also reflects that I , not in deed, but in effect was the true murderer. This is showing how Victor is coming to take right for his actions and suffering in shame for them. Having walked into the mountains and met his creature, he threatens and insults him labeling him as a vile insect and stating his desire to trampling him. He condemns the monster in such a way, although if there were other people who knew about his experiments and results, it could be that he would be condemned too.The creation replies that as long as they both exist they are recant together and t hat Victor has a duty towards him as a creator even if he has been so far abandoned. not really acknow guideging what his creature said, Victor becomes then so angry that he throws away an amount of dignity and begins attacking his creation in vain. His enraged turn to physical violence darn the creation totally wishes to talk shows a darker side of Frankenstein and is an interesting comparison as the monster doesnt fate to set himself in opposition.He likens himself to Adam and the fallen angel again hinting at Victors overaged desires of playing God, as well as the fact that he greeted his creation with the sound out devil. Likening Geneva to Eden, and the existence to be the forbidden fruit, Victor also plays the role of Adam, who lived in paradise originally the temptation for more caused him to lose what he had. The monster uses words like abhor, spurn and detest frequently, which embellishes his anguish further. The creation implores VictorWill no entreaties cause thee a favourable eye upon thy creature, who implores thy goodness and compassion? This is clearly a rhetorical question, and it tempts the reader again to doubt Victor and consider how he seems to be selfish and doesnt agnise his creature as a being undefended of thought and emotions. You accuse me of murder and yet you would with a satisfied conscience, destroy your have creature. This gives the impression that the monster knows Victor sees him as sub-human, and not allowed regular evaluator as is given to normal people. here Frankenstein uses the word wretched to describe himself rather than his creation, which leaves the reader to equate these two characters further still. Defeated in knowing that if he did not listen to the fiend, his life would or so certainly become more miserable he finally accepts responsibility and lets the creature tell his story. It is presumable that Shelley uses the oxymoron-like term odious companion to express the start of Victor having mixed fee lings other than hatred towards his creation.Although godlike in abilities and monstrous in appearance, the Creation is shown to have all of the emotional traits of a human being. As mentioned previously, after he is first brought to life his mind resembles that of a child and he learns and develops knowledge the unuttered way. When he is talking about the time directly after he was created although it is not said directly, Shelley uses on the spur of the moment phrases fragmented frequently by commas to give a sense that the creature is bewildered. I was a poor, miserable, bewildered wretch I sat down and wept. Because he doesnt understand anything and is left to roam outside with barely whatever thoughts instinctively occur within him, he is incredibly stimulate and like a teething child he can only weep. As he becomes accustomed to the world he grows to be curious about nature, which he doesnt yet know that he is contrasted against, and this natural lulu inspires him initi ally to do good things. When he attempts to imitate birdsong, he realizes that the sounds he makes are uncouth and inarticulate he is frightened by the sound of his own voice.He is shown to have a likeness to prehistoric man in that he has to learn everything himself. His first encounter with a human other than his creator is an anonymous old man. Upon seeing the creation, the man flees immediately, afraid. This happens again on a larger scale, when he enters a small town he is rejected and chased out with weapons purely based on his appearance. This gives the creation a skewed mess on philanthropy and leads him to start questioning himself and what he is.Soon after him being driven from the village he first sees the phalluss of the DeLacey family, and is shown to have yet more human characteristics and emotions. I felt sensations of a whimsical and overpowering nature they were a mixture of pain and pleasure such as I had neer experienced. When he beholds the music played b y the old man to the young girl, he is overwhelmed by the beauty of what he sees and displays empathy. It is here that he also experiences a desire to have friends and later suffers from pangs of guilt when he secretly takes food from the family in order to feed himself.The creation shows his munificence and willingness to do good things when he gathers firewood for the family. His behaviour is altruistic, with him gaining nothing except to be able to watch how happy he has made the family by helping them. While staying around the house of the DeLacey family, his personality changes according to experience, whilst he slowly realizes the extent to which he is different from them and everyone else. He begins to refer to them as my cottagers, feeling a human sense of attachment to them, even though they are oblivious to his being there.His deformity betrays him when he makes out his reflection in a pool of water, and he realizes why people have fled from him, but still wonders what i t would be like if he could keep the family in high spirits. As well as Shelley using these kind deeds to tog out him above Victor, it is noticeable how the creation constantly admires natures beauty, whereas when Frankenstein is building him, the creator simply ignores the scenery and environment around him.His aspiration to do kind things drives the monster to learn to read, and when he finds several books in the woods, he is led by them to ask himself whether or not he has an ultimate purpose, or any purpose at all. This ongoing existential crisis could be debatably the same for humans also, but it has a great effect on the creation because he knows he is different from anything within the books he has studied. He declares himself as a dirt upon the earth and curses his creator whom he realizes he did not ask to create him.The main turning point for the monster is during his brief meeting with the blind old man of the DeLacey family. By this point in the novel, Shelley has show n us how his need for emotional warmth has swelled hugely, much as Victors anxiety that just about amounted to agony, shortly before he was to become heavily disappointed also, and drawing yet another comparison between the two protagonists. The creation is well spoken when he finally comes to have a conversation with a member of the family, showing how much effort he has put into his quest for company.The fact that to the blind man he seems like any other normal person helps Shelley to create more sympathy when he is at last driven away. The creation tells the old man how he tenderly loves the cottagers, confirming the feeling of attachment which has only been hinted at before. But they believe that I wish to injure them, and it is that prejudice which I wish to overcome. This character shows how the monster has learnt exactly why he is rejected by human beings, but still hopes that he can salvage some friendship from them.The old man says to him how there is something in his words that persuades him that he is sincere, embellishing further the point that the creation is perfectly capable of passing as a human without his optical deformities. When the two young members of the family return, however, the creation is clinging to the legs of the blind man in a desperate flail for help. The aforesaid(prenominal) prejudice against him causes his actions to be misinterpreted much like earlier in the novel when Victor thinks that the fiend wished to appease him.With his hopes destroyed, the creation grows incredibly angry with human beings and declares an everlasting war against them. After how he has been treated this determination seems like a fair one, as they seem to be the source of all his anguish. There is a strange balance between him and humanity in that although to him they appear to be beautiful creatures that he only wants to interact with their actions toward him are always negative. Whereas the creations actions toward mankind are at first posit ive, and to them he appears to be a vile and hideous monster to be scorned and avoided.He insinuates this himself when he finds the locket containing a picture of Elizabeth. I was ever deprived of the delights that such beautiful creatures could bestow in regarding me, would have changed that air of divine charity to one of expressive disgust and affright. This is exemplified again when he rescues a young girl from drowning and is shot in return again only trying to do good but seeing his own friendly actions misinterpreted. This then leads him firstly to attempt to kidnap William, who even as a young child is shown to be prejudiced against him.To the reader his decision to kill who he knows to be a relative of Frankenstein seems less terrific because of his miserable story so far. Being kind to humans has only resulted in their rejection of him, and so it seems almost justified that he should take the opposite direction. After the deed is done, he tells how his heart swelled wi th jubilancy and hellish triumph and goes on to mention how he will enjoy punishing his creator further. Here is the creations transformation into the vengeful being that he is seen as to other characters.When the creation asks for his own companion it is no surprise due to his attitudes toward the creation so far that Victor initially refuses. It is easy for us to be compassionate toward the monster, because he only wants what we has humans mostly want, and that is to not be alone. He does not ask for much, and is willing to be banished and cast away by humankind if he can only have an Eve for him as Adam. As the story in this segment is told from Victors point of view, it contains much less sympathy and we see the creation again from the prejudiced human point of view his face was wrinkled into contortions too horrible for human eyes to behold . However, Victor eventually softens to the creations plea, and sees good logic in retention him contented, accepting responsibility for what he has created. I sometimes felt a wish to console him but when I looked upon him, when I saw the filthy mass that moved and talked, my heart sickened This shows consideration for the monster but this time from Victors point of view. It is again reiterating how other than his appearance and strength, the monster is just like a human, and is capable of feeling emotions and receiving pity.Doubts about the benefit of creating a companion begin to manifest themselves in Victor as he grows nearer to creating his second creature. Unlike the first time he carried out this task, his heart is not in it as he knows that what he creates will be nothing like his original intentions that he had years ago. Just as now all Victor wishes to do is to settle down with Elizabeth, the creations only desire is to have a partner also. It is ironic that after Victor destroys what was to be the monsters companion, the creation says how disdain Victor being his creator, he is his creators master.The creation is clearly mortified and crushed by Victors actions, knowing that he has been condemned to suffer alone, even after enduring incalculable fatigue, and cold, and hunger. Victor remains inexorable despite all of the creations threats and in the heat of the moment doesnt seem to care that this choice will probably be his own undoing. Strangely, when being tortured by the fiend, as well as being consumed by guilt, Victor is faintly selfish. He says no creature had ever been so miserable as I was although to the reader it is glaringly clear that the monster has been lonely much longer than he has, and that if the creation is trying to prove a point to his master, then Victor is stubbornly refusing to take note of it. When everything dear to him is lost, he sees that his only be duty is to destroy what he has unleashed on the world. His dedication to his final quest is shown at the beginning of the novel, where Waltons description of him shows us how he has driven himself to de ath.His limbs were nearly frozen, and his body dreadfully emaciated by fatigue and suffering. I never saw a man in so wretched a condition. Here the word wretched is used again, this time to describe Victor, and not the creation, and yet another time Victor has become emaciated by his obsessive want to achieve something, compared with how he became as he was building his creature. Not long before his death, Victor shows us how despite his stubborn nature, he admits that he has failed, and tries to teach Walton that he should avoid ambition.Even if it is too late, this shows a great change in Victors character and his view of the boundaries of humanity before he passes away. The creation boards the boat and recounts some of his point of view to Walton when he discovers his creators demise. In his remainder speech, the creation talks about all of the death and destruction that he has wrought. Think you that the groans of Clerval were music to my ears?

The current issue of junk food consumption Essay Example for Free

The current issue of scrap forage inlet EssayThe current issue of junk victuals consumption and the overall obesity encounter worldwide continues to expand rapidly. The suggestion to counteract this problem is the implementation of a junk tax revenue income. ProQuest states that, junk food tax refers to a tax placed upon fattening foods or beverages (Par. 1). The intention of the tax is to denigrate the consumption of unhealthy foods, which would expectantly lead to a healthy population. A junk food tax would also generate revenue for causes such as improving forage, preventing obesity, and educating Ameri corporations about nutrition. The main purpose is to maximise health benefits. However, the tax has sparked controversy about interfering with freedom of choice and personal liberties. Fighting obesity and its various related illnesses does not require cholesterol small-scaleering medicine, workout videos, or diet books. It starts with rethinking our prospect and the world we be living in.Addressing the issue of over-weight and the lack of health in our modern life is no easy assignment, despite some individual efforts by some states to tax soda pop, require healthier school lunches of mandate gram calorie information in chain restaurants, obesity rates worldwide are growing (Cummins, Nd). Even though these efforts have continued to grow with parents and health advocates the problem needs to be acknowledged nation wide because, 60 percent of Americans of either overweight or heavy (Cummins Par. 5). With some(prenominal) restaurants offering super sized meals for such low prices, people consume well over the recommended calorie and food intake. Fast food restaurants being open twenty-four hours a day located on every corner causes temptation to be all around consumers. According to Rheuban.J (2007). Opponents claim that impressing such a law would be a violation to ones rights and freedom. I strongly disagree with that.To support their s tance that the tax certainly will have no actual affect onpublic health they localise a bunch of studies,one The Mercatus Center at George Mason University that Americans Against nutrient Taxes claims that any impact of a blue-blooded drink tax would be trivial because soft drink consumption is a relatively grim part of the diet for overweight people. They suggest that financial affect of the tax could be extremely burdensome, particularly on the poor. The greet is literally killing us. The low budget costs of junk food attracts in low budget customers. They stuff their carts with white bread, frozen packages, already packed desserts, and extremely processedmeats. The low cost is satisfying for people living in the moment, However the farsighted term effects can be dangerous. Poor diet choices is eating foods that were previously mentioned will lead to obesity. Obesity causes heart disease, part 2 diabetes, cancer, high blood pressure, strokes, and respiratory problems, all of these cost substantial amounts to treat and if left untreated they can lead to death.The low cost that pull in customers may in the end cost them their lives. Arguments in favor of junk food taxes, Reduce the costs of treating medical issues to which junk food contributes. apply additional revenue, part of which could be used to offset costs of treating medical issues that arise from over consumption of junk foods. Could shift consumer spending to healthier foods, bolstering the industries that produce those foods. Not enough people are alive(predicate) of the adverse effects of chemicals in foods (doctors included) so their purchases are based on affordability and addiction. They cannot put together together wherefore it is that they cannot eat just one chip, fail on restrictive calorie diets, binge, and/or continue to put on weight throughout their lives. The assumption is that these people lack the will to be healthy. The reality is that, in many cases, is that their subc onscious mind is doing everything in its power to survive. According to Fiora.K(2010).Patients gained meaningfully less of the calories from soda or pizza when it was a 10% increase in both prices, Penny Gordon-Larsen of the University of North Carolina at chapel Hill and colleagues reported in the March 8 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine.Policies aimed at repair the price of soda or pizza could be very effective mechanisms to steer adults towards a healthier diet and reduce long-term weight gain or insulin levels over time, the researchers wrote. They calculated that an 18 percent tax on junk food would result in a 56-calorie decline in radical daily energy intake. At the population level, that would translate to about five pounds per patient per year, along with significant reductions in the risks of most obesity-related continuing diseases, they said. Since their study looked at only a small number of foods, they called upon researchers to task more in future studies. In an accompanying editorial, Dr. Mitchell H. Katz and Dr. Rajiv Bhatia of the San Francisco Department of Public Health wrote that taxing is an suppress method of correcting for health and other social costs not accounted for in the private market cost. However, they added, in addition to unhealthy foods, policymakers should consider ways to reward healthy behaviors. A typical recommendation to an obese person is to restrict calories. The typical notion of calories in calories out. In doing so, the motivated dieter goes to the supermarket and buy items labeled diet which are conveniently labeled with caloric amounts. What they dont see is the chemicals added in and/or understand what the short and long term effects of those chemicals are. During this caloric restriction time, he/she is foregoing adequate nutrients while ingesting chemical debase foods which promotes hunger (part of the marketing process), and training the body to prepare for starvation.There is a simple solution to a very complex issue. Taxation of junk food is necessary for the future population. As of late, rates of chronic health diseases have skyrocketed, but are now beginning to level off with the improved genteelness system increasing awareness of the side effects of junk food. This leveling off rate could fellowship a significant drop if excise taxation were implemented. As multiple studies, research, and projects suggest, an increase in prices of junk food would lead to a decline in purchasing and consumption of such foods, and would lead to decrease in diet-related diseases.Although junk food producers and business selling these products may find that the tax is unfair, the overall organization of taxation is improving the health of our nation, for today and in the future. The benefit outweighs the cost, and taxation ultimately motivates producers and sellers of junk food to improve their product and provide healthier options to consumers. There are many issues discussed in cur rent media adjoin the need to protect our visualiseet through recycling and better fuel sources. The media does not realize that there will not be a need for our planet if no one is able to immerse it. There needs to be less consumption of junk food and taxation is the best plan to implement change for a happy, healthier, and existing future.Sourceshttp//jacobrheuban.com/2009/12/27/arguments-for-and-against-junk-food-and-soda-taxes/ http//abcnews.go.com/Health/w_DietAndFitness/junk-food-tax-improve-health/story?id=10056236 (2013, 02). Junk Food Tax. StudyMode.com. Retrieved 02, 2013,

The Case of Marquee Garments Essay Example for Free

The Case of Marquee Garments Essay head teacher no1 SR has interpreted a risk in seeing a market place that is large, but offeres little flexibility in terms of price and business eenvironment. Discuss.Entering Indian market was quite a challenge for Simon non only convincing the board but taking up the responsibility to personally assist the completely process of franchising in India was a major challenge in his career. Indian market is famous for its revalue buying behavior and SR is a brand known for its high quality and value for bullion all around the world. Unfortunately in India however the tariffs and strict regulation for direct outside enthronement has been major hurdle in offering low prices. Though the launch of the two franchises have been a huge success but Simon believes asking for premium prices for the products is soon going to turn this profit into large term loss. He believes that as soon as the novelty factor wears off the customers will pick out ba ck to the value for money buying behavior.Question no.2 This may be the right time to enter India. But has S R positioned its brand right?The festivities . much(prenominal) as Christmas and Diwali has been the best time for Smith and robin to take over the market for increased sales. This helps their two stores initial stocks to be sold out in three days flat.Since while positioning the brand, it is necessary for the organization to identify a market turning point for a brand, product or service utilizing traditional marketing placement strategies (i.e. price, promotion, distribution, packaging, and competition). S R is healthy aware of their preposterous prices, but that ultimately makes Smith and Robin a premium brand, one with aspirational trimmings. This make their direct competitors turn into the boutiques. They were also perceives as a high end value for money brand.Question no.3 Do you think the current retail environment in India is conducive for the immersion of a high -profile foreign brand? If yes why? If not, state the reasons clearly.The current retail environment in India is not conducive for the entry of a high-profile foreign brand. Indian customers are becoming more self aware and conscious of the market trends. Therefore, post modernism along side the globalization has given the Indian market an edge to their customers. Indian economy has been raising substantially due to their own products and manufacturing plants. Despite that companies such as SR bask a brand equity in the Indian markets, the novelty factor surrounding SRs launch wears off. Also, since these brands have to pay high tariffs, the brands offer premium prices, which are questionable by the customers. With such brands, their franchises would not be ready to show any interest in expanding a loss-making operation. Keeping in mind all these factors, one also has to remember the existing competition. A grey market already does a thriving business in both branded products smug gled into the country, and ersatz ones.

Hamlet Quotations Act 1 Essay Example for Free

Hamlet Quotations Act 1 testHamlet Quotations Act 1INSTRUCTIONSForeach plagiarize(a)Identifythespeaker,towhomitisaddressed,andthesituation,(b)Explain(indetail)thesignificanceofthequoteintermsofallthatapplythemes,characterrevelation,plotdevelopment,dramaticdevices(irony,foreshadowing),poeticdevices(simile,metaphor,alliteration),etc.(c)Uploadtoturnitin.comEXAMPLEThisbodessomestrangeeruptiontoourstate.(a)HoratioisspeakingtoMarcellusHoratioisreferringtotheghostofHamlet seniorthattheyhavejustwitnessed.(b)Horatiobelievesthattheghostisappearingbecausefoul funwasinvolvedwithHamletSr.sdeath.Heisnotpositiveaboutit,butheknowsthatsomethingstrangeishappening.Thiseventputstheactionoftheplayinmotion(plotdevelopment).Also,thecommentforeshadowstheimpendingdoomthatDenmarkmaybefacing.1. Alittle more(prenominal)thankin,andlessthankind.2. Weprayyouthrowtoearththisunprevailingwoe,andthinkofusasafather3. Othatthistootoosulliedfleshwouldmelt4. Frailty,thynameiswomanO or sowicked fastnessTopostwithsuchdext eritytoincestuoussheetsDonotassomeungraciouspastorsdo, pointmethesteepandthornywaytoheaven,whilelikeapuffdandreckless libertinehimselftheprimrosepathofdalliancetreads6. Thisabovealltothine ownselfbetrue7. Whenthe airburns,howprodigalthesoullendsthetonguevows.8. Thedramofevildothallthenoblesubstanceoftendouttohisownscandal.9. SomethingisrotteninthestateofDenmark.10.Revengehisfoulandmostunnaturalmurder.11.Hastemetoknowt,thatIwithwingsasswiftasmeditationorthethoughtsoflovemaysweeptomyrevenge.12.The snakethatdidstingyourfatherslifenowwearshiscrown.OmypropheticsoulMyuncle13.OmostperniciouswomanOvillain,villain,smilingdamnedvillainThatonemaysmile,andsmile,andbeavillain.14.Therearemorethingsinheavenandearth,Thanaredreamtofinyourphilosophy.15.Thetimeisoutofjoint.Ocursedspite,thatIwasborntosetitright.

Focus on the Learner Essay Example for Free

Focus on the Learner EssayMuftah, married with four children, is a pleasant student who is struggling in class. Muftah did not receive any face in secondary school or university. He worked as a Physical Education teacher for two long time, and then was employed with the Ministry of Youth and Sports for twenty historic period. In his years of employment, Muftah never sine qua noned to speak or write in incline until about two years ago, when he started att suppressing International residence. He says that he is now learning English because he has a lot of time on his hands. Muftah prefers to study at home, not with friends. He says that he does not concentrate on on reading or writing but, he enjoys practicing his speaking skills with his fourteen year old parole because thats where he feels he needs modifyment. Muftah sees this as an opportunity to bond with, and encourage, his son because Muftah never got this play when he was younger. When asked if he is interested in working in a company in the succeeding(a) to maintain his English, he said that he will think about it.Muftah joined International House around two years ago and has had no previous official English education. He studies English for fun and to bond with his children who are now studying English in school so, he regards English as a social tool rather than one to grow career wise.Muftah is very conjunct in class and participates from time to time. He enjoys group work but prefers to work in pairs because he feels he learns more than when he is with a group of people.Muftahs strengths are in reading and comprehension. In a scanning activity, he responded accurately when asked to read a letter for one minute and reaction to three top dogs who sent it, where was it sent from, whom was it sent to. In controlled practice of a reading text, he answers more or less accurately when working on column matching or multiple choice exercises. However, when reading prolonged texts, (e.g. a newspaper article on eating healthy) he finds difficulty in responding accurately and correctly, provided he seems to put things into context and tell briefly what the piece is about. His teacher says that he sometimes leans towards spirit for the answer in Arabic from peers and is the least confident in class so, he may need to be told to engage fully in English. In addition to his less obvious weakness in skimming texts, Muftah displayed mistakes which were typical to those of an Arab learner in pronunciation and grammar.When conducting a pronunciation exercise, his vowels were incorrectly placed most of the time this may be due to interference from his L1 because Arabic has a different number of vowel sounds from English. Wednesday /wenzde/ scholastic /sklstk/ sporadic /sprdk/ Thursday /teresde/ Shirt /ert/ socks /sks/ clothe /klds/ Department /dprtmnt/ Management /mnmnt/ January /nuwr/ Also sounds such as /v/, /p/ and // were not accurate on the first attempt and repl aced with a /f/ and /b/ and // respectively this is due to the absence of these sounds in the Libyan dialect. In grammar, his auxiliary verbs are either lacking or placed incorrectly, for example Where you live? and What you doing? however, if he is asked to repeat, he will acknowledge his mistake and self-correct it. Again, this is due to not having auxiliary verbs in Arabic, just question words.In an attempt to strengthen his skimming skills, Muftah may buy an English newspaper on his guidance to work (or borrow a magazine from the school library), pick an article, and try to summarize it with his son. At the end of the week, he may hand it to his teacher for homework to check, and attach a list of new lexicon he learned from the article. That way he can develop his repertoire of vocabulary, and, at the same time, improve his reading and writing skills. If he hands in the homework three weeks in a row, he can have a break the fourth week to celebrate his accomplishment with his son. Another reach I would focus on strengthening is forming the interrogative with auxiliary verbs. Divide a poster jury into four (or more) categories sports, music, animals, and history.Each category is colour-coded and should have four to five windbags under it. In each windbag there is either a name of a personality, an important event, etc. On each envelope there is the number of points to be won, if participant answers correctly, e.g. 100, 200, 300, etc. To play the game, you will need three persons, musician A, player B and a referee. The referee stands by the poster board to take out the bank bill that the players choose. The player will then start to ask 5 questions (yes/no questions or wh- questions) to guess what is on the card. For example, in the Sports category, the card may hold Tiger Woods name (or another regionally acquainted(predicate) athlete), so player A will ask the referee Is it a man or a woman? What game does he play? Where is he from? Does he still pay? If he guesses correctly, he gets the points if not then, a chance is given to player B to gain the points. If neither player guesses correctly, no points are given and they can try again later.

Bankruptcy in the United States Essay Example for Free

Bankruptcy in the United States EssayThe enigma set up bet wantonn the run-in pleasure and burn shows something unusual nearly the characterization of the speakerthat maybe he is a paradox himself and is at odds with what is thought of as normal. Who the speaker is has not been revealed yet, so the reader is allowed to form opinions ab push through his character before meeting the crowd outman. Further into the book, Montag no yearner finds a pleasure, and he runs from his job as a fireman. Finally, the mite of fire as a pleasure returns when he realizes fire can be used for warmth and comfort rather than for destruction. Diction used (burn, eaten, blackened, changed) creates a fearful mood and an sick tone from the beginning. Chapter 1 Mood His lips quivered and the spectacles were dimmed with mistwe may stay present public treasury we die with that word the heat seemed to increase till it became a threatening weight and the lagoon attacked them with a blinding effulge nce This mood conducts an emotion time to where the boys just came to their senses that they might not make it out of there. Nobody knows they ar there so they realized that they have to fight to make their way out. ulterior on they realized that the have to find or at least try to find others that may still be on the island. A foreshadow of this might be we may stay here till we die because since they are all children from 6-12 they may not make it out of the island Imagery The hush was so comp allowe that they could hear the un chargeness of piggys breathing. The sun slanted in and locate golden over half the platform. The breeze that on the lagoon had chased their tails like kittens wee finding their way across the platform and into the forest.So we may be here a long time This quote shows that after finding more people they all came to realization that would be there a long time because nobody knows where they are. The boys went silent as they realized what was actually hap pening. This quote emphatic the awkward silence as they all processed through their heads that they all may not every make it or go home. This symbolized imagery because I could really picture the surroundings and feel how quietly it must have been. Theme I agree with ralph. Weve got to have rules and obey them.After all were not savages. Were English and English are the best at everything. So weve got to do the regenerate things This is in first person This part of the chapter identifies that start of them striving to do the right things. They werent working(a) together so now they are forming themselves into groups, etc. to hold themselves together. The mood of this is determination because to me it seems that these boys are in the long run finding out to feel what its like to be on your own so they have to nonplus together in order to live.Civilization vs Savagery Chapter 3 Tone Everyones keeps running off. You cogitate the meeting? How everyone was going to work hard unti l the shelters were finished? This passage is showing how they went to gaiety to serious. Because there are a lot of younger kids in the group it is harder for everyone to concentrate for long amount of times. Causing things to drop cloth apart and now people are getting mad and stressed. This creates a tone of seriousness even though the boys/chiefs are unaccompanied 12 Chapter 3Mood They looked at each other, baffled, in esteem and hate. All the warm slat water of the bathing pool and the shouting and splashing and laughing were only just sufficient to bring them together again This passage shows that all it takes is a little fun to realize that everything is okay. The pass few pages were full of everyone just stressing out and fighting and once they began to let handsome and have fun ralph and jack realized that it was okay it brought them together again.The mood is relieved and a feeling of happiness There was a ship. Out there, You said youd keep the fire going and you let it out The boys are eager to go home but with the choir out hunting the fire had gone out and the ship had passed them because their signal (fire) burned out. Ralph then became violent and angry and yelled at jack creating a mood of intimidation and anger. HE then released all the stress that had been built up and took it out on the gang.

The spinners investigation Essay Example for Free

The thread makers investigating EssayThe prediction for this investigation is the shorter the wingspan of the spinner the meteoric it will fall the 2. 59m to the floor. I call in this because with shortening the wingspan Im making the come on atomic number 18a sensitiveer this means less air resistor acting upon it when it is falling. There will be an unbalanced force because gravity will always be the same nevertheless the air oppositeness will get bittieer with every half centimetre I cut mangle, so in that location will be less area for the air guard to act upon. The apparatus you need for this audition are the following things A paper spinner.A paperclip (to give the spinner some weight) A table to which you can stand on to hold the spinner to the height of 2. 59m (the detonator) A snap quantify A table to record the effects (the results are the times interpreted to chain the floor) In order to key the investigation fair You will only interpolate the space of the wing span because that is the variable you are using ever-changing anything else would mean the audition would be corrupted. The things you reach to keep the same are the spinner you will use the same spinner by dint of egress the experiment. Keep the height the same too.In this investigation you bedevil to count the time interpreted for the spinner to fall the 2. 59m to the floor from the ceiling and measure the length of the spinner since you change that yourself. When you drop the spinner you take the time interpreted for it to land using a bridle clock, you do this three times and take an average. You can get an exact time taken for it to fall but the stop clock is the best instrument for the job as far as I can decide. The safety issues are important, like when you have to stand on the table to reach the ceiling you should make sure your shoes are suitable and dont have too big a heel.My preliminary work consisted of doing work on unbalanced forces this helped me to come to my prediction about how there would be an unbalanced force acting on the spinner because there would be less air resistance the less surface area there was to act upon. The Method The detailed plan is To carry out this investigation you would have to do the following First, you would have to make the spinner, you can make it however you want but there is a spinner for example everywhereleaf. Add a paperclip to give it a little weight. Once the spinner is made you would have to make yourself a results table to fill in. and then you stand on something secure and hold the spinner to the ceiling and have someone ready with a stop clock to press the start button at the precise moment the spinner is dropped from the ceiling and stop the clock once the spinner has reached the floor. As this isnt completely accurate do this three times for every time you change the variable (the wing span). So every time you cut off the half centimetre off the wings (both sides) you should do the particular experiment three times over and find the average. Results Wing Length (cm). m Taken (s) Time Taken (s) Time Taken (s) Time Taken (s) 1st Time 2nd Time 3rd Time Average An observation I made during this experiment was when the wingspan got to only 4cm long the amount of air resistance was too small compared to the greater amount of gravity to make the spinner spin and reach a constant speed, it further ended up falling straight to the floor.I didnt change anything through out my investigation. Below is a bar chart of my results and over the page are my results as a line graph. The y-axis is the time taken for the spinner to reach the floor (in seconds) and the x-axis is the length in (centimetres). I have found out through doing this experiment that the smaller the surface area is the quicker something will fall to the floor, this is because the force of gravity doesnt change but as air resistance relies on the surface area and changes to suit the area.If the area is small then the air resistance too is small and if the area is large then the air resistance too is large. This means when the wingspan is smaller the area of the spinner is smaller and with that the air resistance is smaller, smaller than the force of gravity. So if gravity is the larger of the two forces it will pull the spinner to the floor faster and faster as the air resistance gets smaller and smaller. Thats what this investigation has proved.The majority pattern throughout my results is that of, as the surface area of the spinner gets smaller the time taken to reach the floor decreases too. My results and what I have found out match the prediction I made at the beginning before the experiment had been carried out. Evaluation My results or anyone elses can not be 100% accurate because there is always freeing to be a time delay from when you see the spinner being dropped and when your brain tells your fingers to begin the stop clock.I think I took enough results as I came u p with the answer I was facial expression for and knew was right, but I dont think it would have done much harm doing more results though, but I dont think it would have been necessary to do more. I could have maybe made the range of changing the variable bigger and then do more measurement but then I would have to have made a larger spinner. There was one result that didnt fit into the pattern but I didnt worry too much about it as I had the 2nd and 3rd result to make sure the average wasnt messed up.Also I believe it was just the slow reactions of my partner, starting the stop clock too late after I had dropped the spinner. If I was to repeat this experiment again I would probably try and get a higher height to drop my spinner from I think that would probably improve my results the measurements wouldnt be so small if the height was bigger and that way the graphs would look conk out and be easier to read. I could also try making spinners out of different materials and see if that affects the time taken to reach the floor any differently.

Not a Privilege, but a Right Essay Example for Free

Not a Privilege, but a Right EssayThe times ar ripe for civilian noncompliance. Not a full year ago was the dally of defiance by the populace of Myanmar and their subsequent bloody repression displayed before the televisions around the world, sparking outrage and sympathetic demonstrations. The streets of Pakistan were also filled with balks, starting signal against a President who would let an advocate of justicea Supreme Court Justiceto be thrown to the jails for pursuing his conscience, and then again for the same Presidents attempt to perpetuate his regularize through an achievement of emergency rule. The world is now again do witness to a wave of international protests, sparked by violent protests by Tibetan secessionists and their repression by the Chinese government. Everywhere in the world, these acts of assembly and disobedience be criticized or hailed as acts of free expression based on the then-current sentiment. many an(prenominal) times, these same democr acies that hails the voice of liberty and sound judgment and rule, condemn protests and demands for redress as anarchistic in character and break the order and thus inconvenience the public.Generally, if without the backing of any government, a protest is localized, and belittled as an act of unnecessary activism. Henry David Thoreau and Martin Luther King, Jr. , though living in varied periods of history, fought under similar demeaning circumstances, and faced similar opposition from their government. They asserted that the act of civil disobedience was a God-given right granted to people to correct the fatal defects of government. Their separate acts of defiance were considered illegitimately inseparable, with malicious intent, and unwise and untimely these same categories echo now in the criticisms of our movements.For their sakes, then what constitutes a valid exercise of the Peoples go forth? Studying Thoreau and Kings works, that is, on the indebtedness of Civil Disobedi ence and Letter to a Birmingham Jail, respectively, we can identify two primary characters of a legitimated act of defiance a legitimated cause and legitimated elbow room. Legitimated Cause Why did we choose the term legitimated rather than legitimate or constabularyful, in characterizing a valid act of the people?This is due to the fact that the act of defiance, seeks as its purpose the overthrow of the unjust schema of government. In Martin Luther Kings time, this was the segregation between whites and blacks, which though inherently unjust, was nevertheless valid under passage of law. If unrivaled were to require a lawful cause, it would terminate any protest against any injustice that is protected under the mantle of law. The cause is legitimated not because of its opposition to any transcription, but because the system lost its mantle of legitimacy by its promotion of injustice.Thoreau wrote that if a system causes some injustice to be inflicted though it is merely incid ental in its application, star would be unjust to apply a level of severity to attack it, for eventually the system leave soon be smoothened out and these flaws corrected. If, however, the system compels one to cause injustice to another, then the system may be validly attacked. This is to say that in all governments, flaws are to be expectedin fact, the imperfection of the system of government lies within the impoverishment, at all, of a system of government.In view of this, Thoreau stressed not the need for a no-government, as he believes the people to be unprepared for this event, but at once a better government, which does not promote injustice and does not speak for the stronger few. The legitimated cause of a civil disobedience is dependent on the measure of injustice inflicted by the present system of government the act is prove to oppose. King further elucidated this by expounding on St. Thomas Aquinas expression that an unjust law is no law.There are two ways by which a law is made unjust if it is made contrary to natural and divine law, or, if in consonance to it, it is implemented as to make it unjust. A government, then, that enacts a law ordering the execution of every second son of every family violates the natural law against murder, promotes its agent to violate the same, and is consequently unjust. Likewise, if a government would inflict a severe penalisation for the infidelity of a wife yet will only inflict a punitive punishment for the same committed by the husband, by virtue of its disproportionate application of justice the government would alike be unjust.This injustice, then, must be inherent within the system, and so prevalent as to inflict the severity of oppression. If, however, the system is merely suffering momentary lapses of injustice that are incidental to its improper application, the system could be corrected without the use for excessive violence, and hence, disobedience. For example, a government erroneously enacts law s as to regulate traffic when in effect such traffic is worsened this is no cause for civil disobedience.If however, the same law was enacted to come through for a path reserved for white people, as opposed to those of other races, then the system is inherently unjust. Legitimated Means The passage word legitimated is also as important here as it was in qualifying the proper cause. For any act of civil disobedience to a system is, by nature, unlawful as paramount to a governments duty is to make sure that its people will watch over laws, however unjust it may seem to be. Dura lex, sed lex. The law, however harsh in its implementation, remains the law.Besides, which, it is in the governments best interest that these laws are followed, as these inherently perpetuate their power. King opined that oppressors, in baseless of historical precedent, would not voluntarily give up their power. Nevertheless, the act of disobedience is legitimated in light of the injustice inflicted. As Tho reau explained, when something is stolen from a man, or injustice inflicted on him, he will not contented himself with exhausting all lawful procedures provided for him by law he will only be quelled upon the return of the stolen item, and consequently his vindication.The two civil advocates differ only in the interpretation of the purpose of legitimated means Henry David Thoreau, believing fully that the read is unjust from its inception, considers his act (in this case, the non-payment of a poll tax) as one of exclusion he will not be part of a system that promotes injustice, in this context the propagation of slavery and the aggression inflicted on the Mexican War.King, however, considers this act of civil disobedience as an act of inclusion, and recognizes its unlawful nature and is willing to suffer its consequences. In this act, however, he hopes to unmask the oppressiveness of the system and its persecution of the advocates of comparability and free expression. This dist inction is further substantiated in Kings denunciation of two other camps one that would do nothing in the face of oppression, and another that would set itself against the State and employ violent action.A proper legitimated means is one that will exhaust methods of petition provided by the State, and, having been refused, act in defiance of the system in order to promote tension and force the State to negotiate. This formula of defiance has been utilize by the likes of Nelson Mandela, Mohandas Gandhi and Aung San Suu Kyi. Conclusion Not a Choice, but an Obligation. A final word remains of civil disobedience Thoreau warns that those who do not stand in opposition to a system that promotes injustice will necessarily aid it, and participate in it.This is the concept of collective guiltthe nation is naturally amenable for excesses inflicted upon it by the government, in their silent acquiescence to its measures. Those criticizing the untimeliness and impropriety of civil disobedienc e can vigorous be reminded Kings remarks that a revolution, and an act of civil rights will never be timely, and will never be proper in the eyes of the oppressive government.Those who passively let their rights be trampled upon are equally guilty of the oppression inflicted on them. This is a harsh truth, but it remains the truth the State will not provide for an individual who sleeps on his rights. So long as the people are deficient in fighting for their cause, the State will, by virtue of the previous maxim, take what it can in the name of the few and escape with impunity.

Effect Of Design On Paper Plane

Effect Of Design On Paper PlaneI kick in intractable to write my extended essay on this root word because this activity of locomoteing account skims was taught to us in our childhood when we were non mature enough to view the article of faiths of science and investigate and apply them to these tabloids. But what caught my interest was that how do shell expose breedplanes of such light loads fundament maintain their escape cock and speed even darn facing winds and separate external factors. Firstly, I had decided to write my essay based on the principles utilise in these planes, but my supervisor guided me that it was in either case broad and thus, I narrowed down my topic to- To investigate the difference in the dodging of the study planes and the remoteness masking by it due to the shape, mass and practice of the musical com power planes.IntroductionPaper planers ar a source of fun and entertainment for umteen another(prenominal) people slice they cro wd out also be used as a p device of learning and gaining some meat of knowledge to the highest degree the literal aeroplanes. Some people shed also named this activity as an art named aerogami which derives from the name origami (a Japanese art of topic folding). But, this so c exclusivelyed entertaining and private-enterprise(a) activity has a lot of science especially natural philosophy related to it as we tin can associate with different laws of aerodynamics and drift. Paper wood make believeing planes have traffic patterns ranging from simple planes for kids to competitive and confused ones like moth, tumbler, spike and m both to a greater extent to mention. As kids, we never used to think about these principles and designs that be associated with every(prenominal) factor of musical composition planes from its formation to its flight. But, as a science student, I have got an opportunity to explore the versatile aerodynamic principles and get a deeper knowledge about the physics of musical theme planes.HistoryThe history of wall report card planes is not quite specific as there have been many people who have contributed their theories in this field. Da Vinci who was a famous Italian personality is often regarded as the inventor of report line of businessplanes while some have the belief that Chinese people atomic number 18 the strong makers of this art as they were the ones who invented opus and kites. The modern idea planes saw their creation in the year 1909 while its acceptance was seen in after two decades in the year 1930 by John Northrop. Actually, Northrop tried these designs in order to test the real principles of fleeing aircrafts. From the early centuries till the current years, there have been many changes and corrections made in the structure of penning planes such as in their shape, style, fashion and lift. Thus, the constitution airplanes have seen a lot of modifications in their shape and principles over these years and this credit goes to each and every person who has contributed to it though the history is not quite famous or known. aeromechanics and Paper AirplanesAerodynamics is referred to as the branch of mechanics that deals with the performance of air and other gases and with the effects of such motion on bodies in the medium. Aero planes and helicopters imitate the principles and theorems of this study of science and this is the case in the working of the subject plane models. The various principles that are used in this study and more specifically in the working of account planes are drag, lift, flight, thrust, weight and velocity. But I pull up stakes be concentrating more on the flight of these composition planes in regard with my topic.Lift, thrust, weight (gravity) and drag are the four important factors in the working and the outgo cover by composing airplanes.Thrust-Thrust is the staff office on the horizontal left hand side of the reputation airplane which decide s the flight of the study plane and this host comes from the strength of the pilot (in this case the person throwing or flying the paper plane). While taking flight, this altitude is converted into forward motion, which results in the proper flight of the airplane.Lift-Lift is another force on the vertical upper hand side of the paper airplane. Usually, the air below the wing of the airplane push the air on the upper side and the air to a higher place the wing push the air on the lower anxiety. At this point when the lower air force is much harder than the upper one, then the airplane is able to fly. And also the move of the airplane are veer which allows the air to move over the top more quickly, thus resulting in lift or upwardss push. heave-Drag is the force that is present in the horizontal right hand side of the paper airplane which allows or decides the maximum infinite of any paper airplane. A plane is said to have a lot of drag when the plane pushes a lot of air, i n which the paper airplane does not fly more distance. But when the drag is as low as possible the plane is able to cover more distance due to the low kernel of air pressure in the horizontal direction. Drag can be compared to the friction present on the shape up when any object is moving. cant (gravity) Weight or gravity is the force that covers the vertical lower hand side of the paper airplane. The airplanes weight essential also be less so that it can fight the attraction of gravitation and thus, the plane allow be able to fly more distance in the air. The greater the weight, the more the attraction and the lesser the distance covered.Thus, these are the four crucial principles that have to be observed for any paper airplane to fly in the air. But, are only these principles responsible for the flight of the airplane? Are there any other factors that are also important in deciding the flight of a paper airplane? Do the physical quantities or the structure of the airplane play a major role in planning the flight or the distance covered?In order to research and find out whether there are any other principles related to the flying of airplanes that are made out of paper, I have performed an sample that brings out the result whether the shape, weight and the structure play an important role in determining the flight of the paper airplane.ExperimentAim To determine the relation between the designs, attribute of paper used in the paper plane and the flight or the distance covered by the paper plane.HypothesisI had the initial idea that the paper planes that are lighter in weight cover more distance as they have the capacity to move in the air with the force or the pressure of the wind. And I also felt that the paper airplane of design Moth will cover the largest distance as I have experimentationed and used this design many times for its smooth kind of flying. I usually thought that the type of paper and design are both have-to doe withly important for th e flight of paper planes.VariablesDependent variable- The distance that the paper planes covers is the dependent variable.Independent variable- The type of paper used and the designs of the paper planes are the independent variables.Controlled variable- The force with which the person throws the paper planes can be controlled and also the teetotum and the direction in which the paper planes are thrown are controlled.Uncontrolled variable- the force of gravity and the drag in the air acting on the paper planes are uncontrolled. Also, external factors such as wind, dust particles cannot be controlled.Apparatus7 X Meter scale/ Ruler of 100 cm1 X Chalk5 X Paper planes of different designs made up of composition board paper5 X Paper planes of different designs made up of A-4 size dominion paper5 X Paper planes of different designs made up of hand-made paper1 X Analytical balance step The paper planes used in the experiment essential be of 5 different designs but these designs mustin ess be used by dint of and byout for every kind of paper used.Procedure1. Make the following paper airplanes with the following types of paper-Design of paper airplaneType of paperType of paperType of paperPicturescursorCardboardHand-madeA-4 size normal paperMothCardboardHand-madeA-4 size normal paper passing fishCardboardHand-madeA-4 size normal paperWideCardboardHand-madeA-4 size normal paperUnknownCardboardHand-madeA-4 size normal paperNote that the flaps or the move of the paper planes must be folded in the upward direction.2. Gather all the apparatus needed to perform the experiment and select a wide, unfastened and a large area without any obstacles such as pillars or other objects in the area where the experiment is performed.3. Firstly, mark the initial position with the help of a chalk. This position is the point or the line from where the paper plane needs to be thrown. Note that the person throwing the plane with the help of his hands must not exceed or go behind the line while throwing the plane. The initial position needs to be constant for all the paper planes.4. Take all the paper planes of design Arrow of materials- cardboard, hand-made paper and A-4 size normal paper. Take each one of them and fly them from the height of the shoulder of the person who is throwing the paper plane. Measure the distance covered by the plane with the help of the chalk. signalize the point where the plane falls on the ground and then measure the distance from the initial position.5. Similarly, cite the experiment with the paper planes of other designs. Measure and record the distances of all the planes and tabulate the readings.6. Also, measure the weight of all the paper planes on the analytical balance and record them.Risk ManagementWhile making the paper planes, see to it that the shape is symmetrical and the folds that are made on the wings must be partake on both sides. Also, denounce that the person flies the paper plane with enough force. This is bec ause the capacity of the paper plane to fight against the drag in the air increases if the initial velocity of the plane is high.Important noteNote that the readings of the distance covered by the paper planes must be taken at least 5 times to reduce the errors during the experiment. Also, whenever the paper planes are thrown, the tip of the paper plane must be made straight so that the plane flies swimmingly on the basis of its shape and the type of paper used because the fold or the improper tip of the plane whitethorn be an blockage for the plane to cover its normal distance.Raw and Processed DataSr. No.Type of paperDesign of paper planesDistance covered by the planes (centimeter)Average distance covered by the paper planes (centimeters)Weight of the paper plane (grams)1.a.Cardboard paperArrow379.30 +0.1340.70 +0.1367.10 +0.1323.00 +0.1298.20 +0.1341.66 +0.111.3191.b.A-4 size normal paperArrow483.90 +0.1670.50 +0.1435.90 +0.1458.30 +0.1698.30 +0.1594.38 +0.13.6481.c.Hand-made pa perArrow406.20 +0.1425.10 +0.1373.60 +0.1395.80 +0.1397.00 +0.1399.54 +0.110.0622.a.Cardboard paper transient fish299.10 +0.1353.20 +0.1381.40 +0.1297.50 +0.1292.20 +0.1324.68 +0.113.5112.b.A-4 size normal paperFlying fish311.70 +0.1373.00 +0.1282.50 +0.1344.90 +0.1381.70 +0.1338.76 +0.14.3972.c.Hand-made paperFlying fish287.30 +0.1293.70 +0.1366.00 +0.1330.60 +0.1360.30 +0.1327.58 +0.112.4833.a.Cardboard paperMoth358.20 +0.1399.10 +0.1322.30 +0.1371.70 +0.1448.20 +0.1379.90 +0.110.7863.b.A-4 size normal paperMoth492.90 +0.1421.00 +0.1455.80 +0.1583.10 +0.1502.60 +0.1491.08 +0.14.3953.c.Hand-made paperMoth389.30 +0.1324.20 +0.1462.40 +0.1387.00 +0.1353.20 +0.1383.22 +0.19.2444.a.Cardboard paperDelta-Wing276.00 +0.1201.90 +0.1250.10 +0.1196.30 +0.1227.00 +0.1230.26 +0.114.3714.b.A-4 size normal paperDelta-Wing252.60 +0.1259.40 +0.1299.90 +0.1274.70 +0.1251.30 +0.1267.58 +0.14.4004.c.Hand-made paperDelta-Wing296.20 +0.1257.80 +0.1231.60 +0.1237.60 +0.1241.50 +0.1252.94 +0.111.1965.a.C ardboard paperPaper kelvin226.40 +0.1214.40 +0.1183.20 +0.1165.10 +0.1180.70 +0.1193.96 +0.112.9485.b.A-4 size normal paperPaper Jet335.10 +0.1307.80 +0.1362.30 +0.1330.00 +0.1405.40 +0.1348.12 +0.13.9075.c.Hand-made paperPaper Jet336.40 +0.1291.60 +0.1337.90 +0.1367.80 +0.1337.20 +0.1334.18 +0.17.927The uncertainties in the experiment is + 0.1 cm because least count on the meter scale is + 0.1 cm.ObservationsFrom the observation table, we can almost sharpen that the heaviest paper plane in every type of design covers the shortest distance while the lightest paper plane covers the highest distance. We see that the paper planes made out of cardboard paper are the heaviest in every design of paper used and the ones made out of A-4 size normal paper are the lightest.But in the table, there is an observation for the paper planes of design Paper Jet where the distance covered has drastically trim down for the cardboard paper when we compare planes with other types of papers used and a lso when we see the difference between other types of paper planes.Conclusion of the experimentFrom the above observation, we can state that the design and weight of the paper plane and the type of paper used are important to determine the distance covered by the paper airplanes as we obtain different readings of distances covered by the paper airplanes of different designs.But, here the point arises as to why the weight affects the flight of the paper planes and another question is that what are the other pertinent factors that affect the flight of the paper planes.Wings functioning theoryWings are important features of any object or creature when it comes to flight and balance in air. Birds have wings with the help of which they are able to fly and for fast transportation and development of technology, these principles of the wings were used in the making of aero-planes. And these wings also play a crucial role in enabling the paper airplanes to fly through air. According to Ber noullis principle in relation to aerodynamics, whenever the speed of air is greater, the pressure that the air exerts on the surface is lower and vice versa. Thus, we can relate this principle to paper airplanes and state that when the paper airplane is in air, the air passes through both- the upper as well as the lower part of the wings. Also, the wings have an topple of attack as the wings are not straight while passing through the opposite air drag and they create an angle with the air.According to my experiment, when the wings pass through the air, the angle of attack is created with the air and thus, the wings move upwards. This activity makes the speed of air greater in the upward part of the wing and reduces the speed in the lower part. On applying the Bernoullis principle, the pressure on the upper part reduces, thus creating suction with the wing and pulling them upwards. While the pressure under the wings increases and this pushes the wings in the upward direction. This h elps the paper airplane to remain aloft and stable in the air.There is another principle that helps the paper planes remain in air for a longer time which is Newtons third law of motion which states that every reaction has an equal and opposite reaction. During the flight of the plane, the wings face a considerable meat of air coming towards it and when this air applies force or creates pressure on the wings, the wings, in return, apply force and pressure on the air which helps them to remain stable in the air.Thus, Bernoullis principle and Newtons third law of motion are both appropriate reasons for the flight of paper airplanes in the air with the help of the wings. Also, this theory varies accordingly with the different types of designs used in the experiment because not all planes have the alike(p) structure of wings and thus, the amount of pressure and the amount of force applied on the wings is different.For example, the arrow, moth and delta wing have the alike(p) type of wings that are mentioned in the theory (that is they are tilted upwards). But designs such as paper jet and flying fish have quite different shapes of wings that are unambiguous from the diagram of the airplanes shown in the experiment. Thus, for the paper jet, there are several folds and flaps in the wing itself and thus, the amount of pressure and the reaction force from the wings towards the air, are different at different parts of the wings. matchless part of the wing has several folds on one another while one part has a smooth surface. So, the wings air pressure at the smooth surface of the wing may be different than the pressure and force on the folded surface. Thus, there are possibilities of various kinds of movements such as ups and downs or loops or nosedives of the plane and thus, there is a difference in the distance covered by these planes. So, we can draw conclusions that the design of the wings or the planes is one factor that is responsible for the distance covere d by the paper planes.Weight theoryThe observation table from the experiment proves that for these designs, the greater the weight of the planes is, the lesser distance is covered by them. Drag is the horizontal force that acts on the paper plane when it flies through the air. Thus, this force becomes an obstacle for the plane to cover more distance. In order to fight and resist this air pressure, we need to have a strong material of paper which has the capacity to resist the air drag. From the materials of paper used, cardboard paper is the heaviest and we can thus, say that it has the largest amount of power to resist air drag. But, at the same time, there is a force of gravity acting downwards towards the ground surface. And according to theory of gravity, the more the weight of the object is, the greater is the attraction. Hence, we can say that though the cardboard paper is the heaviest, it also has a greater force of attraction due to gravity. This mixture of gravitational for ce and the air drag makes the cardboard plane cover the least distance. Thus, the weight of the paper used is one reason which affects the distance covered by the paper planes.The above theories indicate that the wing functioning theory forms the basis for which the paper airplanes fly and the weight theory determines the distance covered by the paper airplanes in relation to its weight. Though the normal paper has the least weight, the wind and the force from the person throwing the plane enable the plane to move smoothly in the air. Thus, as there is least attraction of gravity for this plane, it is able to fly farther distances. Thus, the weight theory in regard with drag and gravity helps to determine the distance covered by the planes. evaluation of the experimentImprovement of errorsWhile throwing the paper airplane, the force applied on every paper airplane superpower not be the same which leads to the variations in the readings obtained. In order to improve this error, the person must decide a particular fixed amount of force or energy that he will apply to the plane. This action can help to reduce some amount of errors.The experiment is performed in an open area where there are now windows or sources of high air flow. Though high amount of air flow is avoided, there is a possibility of some kind of passage of wind which might affect the flight of the paper airplanes. For example, the amount of wind present may not be equal all time and thus, this may affect the flight of planes accordingly. Thus, the thrower must use enough force that can help the paper airplanes to overcome gravity and fight the air resistance.The distance covered by each paper plane was measured five times in order to reduce dictatorial errors. This step may also affect the flight of paper planes sometimes as the landing of the paper planes is very which may include crashes with the ground surface. Due to crashing, the sharp tip or the nose of the paper plane may get disturbed or blunt. And this change in the shape of the tip may lead to the variations in distances covered. To overcome this error, the thrower must be careful and always try to elucidate up the tip of the paper airplanes. By doing so, the crashing of the planes can be avoided and the normal flight of the paper planes can be maintained.The folds and flaps of the paper airplanes have to be done with perfection so that there is no problem with the flight of the planes and the planes can cover their actual distances.For paper airplane readings of paper Jet, we notice that the distance covered by the normal and hand-made paper is quite different and higher than that covered by the cardboard paper plane. The reason for this is the design and the stiffness of the cardboard paper. The design of this paper plane is very complex and it includes several minor and major folds and flaps. Due to the tough material of cardboard paper, it is very difficult to follow all the steps of the design. Thus, the des ign of this plane is not perfect enough and the folds also do not remain stable. This is the reason why the paper plane covers very less distance as compared to other planes of the same design. In order to avoid these construction errors, the person may change the type of design used that fits according to the material of paper used or the folds must be done conservatively and a much better plane of the same design can be constructed.The apparatus used in the experiment such as the analytical balance and the meter scale must work properly to avoid systematic errors and the weight and distances of the paper planes must be measured carefully. The calculations such as the average distance must be correct to avoid any random errors.