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Essay about American Teenagers and Plastic Surgery

American Teenagers and Plastic Surgery Plastic surgery is not a new field of medicine. Traditionally, plastic surgery dealt with fixing abnormalities of the body, but recently people are enjoying the luxury of plastic surgery simply because they are not happy with their appearance. People make appointments with plastic surgeons for procedures such as rhinoplasty, liposuction, tummy tucks, face lifts, and most commonly breast augmentation. These people look forward to desired results from such procedures without considering the risks. Many risks accompany plastic surgery, but they are rarely discussed in the media. Death is even a possible conclusion of the surgery. Why would people subject themselves to such conditions as having†¦show more content†¦Television shows such as Nip Tuck (FX), The Swan (ABC), Extreme Makeover (NBC), Doctor 90210 (E), and I Want a Famous Face (MTV) influence teenagers to alter their appearance. Through watching these television shows young people are able to view common plastic su rgery procedures. These television shows that teens are viewing, however, lack an accurate depiction of what could go wrong in any given plastic surgery procedure. It is no question that peer pressure is a big issue when it comes to teenagers, but appearance can literally become an emotional issue. Teens simply follow the norm of society and ask their parents if they can get a nose job or even breast augmentation. It amazes me how many times I have heard people tell me that they got a boob job for their graduation gift from their parents. Why would parents permit their children to undergo the unnecessary risk of injury or even death? Not to mention the cost of plastic surgery is extremely expensive. Common procedures that teens undergo include: rhinoplasty, otoplasty, liposuction, face lifts, laser hair removal, botox injections, collagen injections, and of course breast augmentation. Rhinoplasty is the reshaping of the sculpture of the nose, and this procedure is the most customary among teenagers. Otoplasty is the reshaping of the sculpture of the ears. These procedures range from $3000 to $4000. Laser hair removal costs about $600. Collagen and botox injections, which get rid of theShow MoreRelatedTeenagers and the Plastic Surgery Epidemic Essay1090 Words   |  5 PagesToday, an overwhelming number of American teenagers choose to alter their body in order to fit the unrealistic standard of physical attractiveness created by our beauty-obsessed culture. Teens feel an immense amount of pressure to look â€Å"beautiful† from the media, peers and even parents. Teenagers are going to extreme lengths to reach this physical perfection, but when it comes down to it, jus t how far is too far? The numbers of teens going through with plastic surgery is startling and will continueRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Teens Under The Knife By Kaitlyn Ali And Tiffany Lam1351 Words   |  6 PagesIn the article entitled Teens Under the Knife written by Kaitlyn Ali and Tiffany Lam readers are informed on the possible risks that are exposed to teens who have cosmetic surgery. Ali and Lam state, There are many risks in plastic surgery, such as permanent numbness, infections, blood clots, and even death (par. 9). The developing bodies of teens are still changing which could lead to altering the effects or future displacement of the surgical procedure. The article states, Because teens Read MoreTeenagers Should Never Have Cosmetic Surgery Essay1555 Words   |  7 PagesTeenagers Should Never Have Cosmetic Surgery In 2012, over 236,000 teenagers from the ages of 13-19 years old, went under the syringe to have a cosmetic procedure done (Gilbert, Web). Teenagers should never be able to have cosmetic surgeries because of the harmful effects the procedures have. Teenage minds and bodies are not fully developed until they are in their early twenties. Therefore, doctors are unable to fully comprehend the risks these procedures will have on the teenagers, since theirRead MoreEffects Of Plastic Surgery Among Teenagers1467 Words   |  6 Pages Plastic Surgery amongst Teenagers is on the rise In the year 2015, where here in the United States following the lastest celebrities has become an influence on many teens across the Unites States, what I mean by influence is plastic surgery. You see it everywhere it s on TV, on billboards, on the radio and all over the magazines. It seems as if everything a well known celebrity does teens want to do also. And what celebrity has gottenRead MoreWhy The World Want Plastic Surgery1480 Words   |  6 Pagesa big nose. Bullying is not the only reason to get a plastic surgery but it is a big reason why people resort to such drastic measures. What problems specifically lead to plastic surgery? First, it is important to mention that plastic surgery has two branches. There is cosmetic surgery, people use it to improve there appearance while on the other side reconstructive surgery treats serious health issues. When you hear the words â€Å"plastic surgery† you thing about nose jobs, face lifting and breastRead MoreThe Age Of The Cosmetic Epidemic1042 Words   |  5 Pageswill go through whatever measures to be plastic just like her. An overwhelming amount of Americans teens are choosing to change their appearance to fit into a highly unrealistic and unattainable standard of beauty that was created and forced upon us by our physically obsessed culture. There is no doubt that teens feel an enormous pressure to look â€Å"beautiful† and feel obligated to do whatever necessary to reach â€Å"perfection.† Contrary to what many believe, American teens, like most teens around the worldRead MoreShould Teenagers Do Plastic Surgery?1128 Words   |  5 PagesXia oyan Gu Professor Perin English 294 11/17/2015 Should Teenagers Do Plastic Surgery? Have you noticed that some parents who are extremely young beauty pageant contestants contest that competitive can provide confidence for their children? Or students who are trying to show their individuality by negotiating abandoning uniform policy? Or, that some companies are more willing to hire a person when they are attractive? Nowadays, people are more focused on external beauty than inner beauty. SometimesRead MoreTeenagers and Cosmetic Surgery1573 Words   |  6 Pagesmany teenagers. As a result, teenagers from all around the world who are insecure concerning their appearances are more likely to have cosmetic surgery to blend in, to avoid peer harassments, and to stop further inner torments. Keep in mind that plastic surgery and cosmetic surgery are different even though both surgeries are used to fix someone’s physical body. Plastic surgery are used to mend looks that are ruined due to terrible accidents, and is pay by insurance, while cosmetic surgery are usedRead M orePlastic Surgery Operations For The Age1337 Words   |  6 Pages356 plastic surgery operations for the age group 13-19 in 2012 alone (Penningtons Manches) and surely the rate has increased in the past 4 years. Many people believe that it is up to the child to decide what they do to their bodies but those decisions can negatively affect their overall wellbeing. Understanding that there are certain exceptions, such as it being medically necessary, to this, teenagers under the age of 18 should not be allowed, even with parental consent, to get plastic surgery forRead MoreThe Development Of Cosmetic Surgery1556 Words   |  7 Pagesnot the only ones resulting to plastic surgery to maintain or enhance their appearance. Many people are riveted by the fact that at the age of fifteen years old, Jen Selter had plastic surgery because of her â€Å"large† nose (Victoria). Caitlin Clemons, age eighteen, had surgical breast augmentation in order to â€Å"fulfill† her self- est eem (Victoria). These cases are what have shifted natural beauty to the idea that reflection is everything. The development of cosmetic surgery has evolved from the need to

Appropriate manners Essay Example For Students

Appropriate manners Essay When we first meet Blackie in the story we find that he has no appropriate manners when talking about an adult, Who cares?Its only old Miserys. From this we find that Blackie is not very kind hearted as he degrades Mr. Thomas. Also we discover that Blackie has a perverse and cynical attitude about the chocolates which were given by Mr. Thomas as he says, Well show him that we dont take bribes. Already, we know that he is a nasty character as he shows no gratitude towards Mr. Thomas. When T. tells the gang he has been into Mr. Thomass house, Blackies reply to him is, What did you do it for then?. This tells us that Blackie is narrow minded as he has no other motive than theft. We also find that Blackie may be a strong figure on the outside but he is soft inside as he is anxious that they might get caught if they destroy Mr. Thomass house, Whatd the police be doing all the time. We find that later in the story he is dominated by the power of T.s leadership style and innovation. There is a change in Blackies character as we dont see him as no.1 but no. The authors characterization of Blackie is fairly simplistic, in the way that he is the common person you have in a gang. In addition, the relationship between him, T. and Mr. Thomas is interesting and keeps us puzzled about why Blackie dislikes Mr. Thomas and why Blackie is somehow under T.s power, as well as the rest of the gang.  We find that Mr. Thomas is a kind hearted person through our perspective; however through the eyes of the gang he is mean. As far as Mr. Thomass personal life goes we find that he is very stubborn about his money spending as the author points out, Once a week you could see him coming back across the common with bread and vegetables. This definitely insinuates the idea that Mr. Thomas is not very rich. I got some chocolates, this line tells us that he is nice towards the kids as chocolate then cost quite a lot; would have be considered important and special. In addition, this tells us that he shows his affection and may be lonely. Another line which suggest that he is a lonely man is that, sometimes I like company. This implies a very poignant side to Mr. Thomas. This description of Mr. Thomas gives a good picture to the reader of what Mr. Thomass personality is like. In addition, it makes the reader feel somewhat sympathetic in some cases for Mr. Thomas as he is a generous elderly man. The authors characterisation of Mr. Thomas is not that dense because Mr. Thomas is not engaged much in the story and does not develop or there is no change in his character. Although, this is an effective description of the character by the author because this is a credible person in the story and the plan of destroying his house is centred on him. This makes the reader wonder why Mr. Thomass house was picked for destruction, apart from T. saying, Its nothing personal. After looking at all the main characters we discover that the author uses various personalities, which makes the story more interesting, instead of the usual same old characters, which would make the story dull and boring for the reader.  The author also uses effective style such as sentence and paragraph construction, vocabulary, direct speech and images  We see through out the story that the author uses short sharp sentences which makes the story tense in most cases. In some cases the author uses short sharp sentences to create not only tension but to make the atmosphere negative, Weve hardly startedWhy theres all the floors left, and the stairs. Chaucerian times EssayAlso we see that the author uses various different styles in the story, such as irony, symbolism, sarcasm and humour. Several times in the story the author uses a lot of irony, one example is when the author says, Driven by the pure, simple, and altruistic ambition of fame for the gang, Blackie came back to where T. stood in the shadow of Miserys wall. This use of irony is not entirely humorous to the reader but it is effective in the sense that it gives a good description of the character as this is a turning point for Blackie as he was thrown off the leadership seat by T. However, there are other times where the author uses humorous irony such as, Ill have the wall built up, when Mr. Thomas said this in the story it is deeply ironic as he hasnt looked at the state of his house first. This gives the reader some humour instead of being tedious, and this makes the reader continue on as it is humorous. Also, the author uses symbolism in the story which makes the reader think a bit more about the story. For example, it is symbolic that the gang are doing the destruction on Sunday as this is associated with the Christian pilgrimage. This symbolism is an effective style as it makes the story more complicated than it looks because this makes the reader wonder why the gang chooses Sunday.  In addition the author uses sarcasm in the story, for example when T. says, Not a childs saw. Also, as I have mentioned before that the author uses an effective atmosphere which also creates the tension in to the story. For example, when the author says, The grey wet common stretched ahead, and the lamps gleamed in the puddles, this conjures up a chilling and oppressive atmosphere. This makes the story effective as it creates a tense atmosphere and has a kind of morbid fascination to the reader, which keeps the reader immersed into the story right up until the end. The author also includes sinister atmosphere in tense situation in the story which builds up the scene to a climax of suspense. The author generally uses oppressive atmosphere in the story as it is the main story line, the destruction of Mr. Thomass house which is unpleasant. In addition, the author produces sensational dramatic scenes. For example, when T. pleads with the gang to help him complete the destruction, even though Mr. Thomas is approaching his house. Here the reader will be thinking, will the gang help him? And what will Mr. Thomas say? I think this was well used by Graham Greene and was very effective. For the reader, dramatic scenes are effective as they keep the reader in suspense and keep him/her firmly focused on the plot.  In conclusion, after analysing the narrative skills of Graham Greene it is apparent that he has written an effective story for the reader. Although the story is unusual and some unimaginative use of narrative skills near to the end of the story, it is interesting to note what narrative skills Graham Greene has used and how he has made it effective.

The Transcontinental Railroads Essay Example For Students

The Transcontinental Railroads Essay The Transcontinental RailroadsThe Transcontinental Railroad consisted of ten major railroads that together would span the distance between the East and West Coasts of the United States. The completion of these railroads brought change, both for good and bad, and had an enormous impact on the United States and other countries of the world. Without a doubt, each railroad played an important role in shaping America into the country it is today. The Great Northern Railroad was an 8,316-mile long railroad created in September 1889 by predecessor railroads in Minnesota. It went from Lake Superior to Washington, traveling through North Dakota, Montana, and Idaho. The line was the dream of James Jerome Hill who was known as the Empire Builder since he had the ability to bring prosperity to areas that were barren before his influence. This railroad provided service and helped build up the grain, potato, and sugar beet regions in North Dakota, Montana, and Eastern Washington. It also played a pivotal role in the prosperity of the cattle counties of Montana as well as the oil, copper, and lumber industries (http://www.gnrhs.org). We will write a custom essay on The Transcontinental Railroads specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The Northern Pacific Railroad originally started in 1864 by Josiah Perham; unfortunately, due to financing problems the project was stalled until 1869. The route stretched from Lake Superior to the Puget Sound in Washington. This railroad was unique since it received no government loans to assists in its financing. The Northern Pacific lines were vital in bringing immigrants to various cities along the routes through advertising at home and abroad. Their effort to attract settlers into these regions was directly responsible for Montana, Washington, North Dakota and South Dakota becoming states in 1889. This stimulated the economies in these regions (http://www.linecamp.com). The Union Pacific Railroad was created in 1862 by government grants. Construction began in late 1863 in Omaha, Nebraska. Over a period of six years it was run through Wyoming and on to Promontory Point, Utah. The Union Pacific routes later expanded to reach north to Washington and south to Texas, with numerous subsidiary lines in Colorado. In 1936, the railroad opened Sun Valley, Idaho Ski Resort, which became a model for other ski resorts to follow (http://www.linecamp.com). The Kansas Pacific was the southern branch of the Union Pacific. The building of the route began in 1863 with the intent to transport passengers (immigrants) westward through the Great Plains. The route ran from Kansas City to Denver. Towns sprung up along the different junctions providing economic booms in those areas. The railroad was consolidated with the Union Pacific in 1880 (http://www.ku.edu). The Southern Pacific Railroad also known as the Espee was merely a dream that would be conceived in 1870 by four guys by the names of Collis Huntington, Charles Crocker, Leland Stanford, and Mark Hopkins. It was one sure way to increase their control over the West Coast shipping. The dream would finally become reality when a transcontinental line that was created by Huntington, ran through the southern United States connecting Los Angeles with New Orleans. By 1877, it controlled over 85% of Californias railroad mileage. In 1881 the South Pacific was linked to the Santa Fe Railroad at Deming, New Mexico, creating the second American transcontinental railway. Two years later, in 1883, Huntington gained full control of a number of smaller railroads, creating the Southern Pacifics Sunset Route from New Orleans to California (http://.www.historychannel.com). The Santa Fe extended from Atchison, Kansas to Los Angeles. On October 30, 1868 construction officially began at Topeka, heading up Shunganunga Creek almost due south because of the deposits of coal. The construction of the railroad would become halted at Newton, while the eastern end was extended and completed in Atchison in late 1871. In March 1875 it resumed construction toward Pueblo, Colorado, allowing people to use the railroad to transport goods and materials from settlement to settlement (http://www.ku.edu). .ua506529038f1d1b85ea30bae1256d7fc , .ua506529038f1d1b85ea30bae1256d7fc .postImageUrl , .ua506529038f1d1b85ea30bae1256d7fc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua506529038f1d1b85ea30bae1256d7fc , .ua506529038f1d1b85ea30bae1256d7fc:hover , .ua506529038f1d1b85ea30bae1256d7fc:visited , .ua506529038f1d1b85ea30bae1256d7fc:active { border:0!important; } .ua506529038f1d1b85ea30bae1256d7fc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua506529038f1d1b85ea30bae1256d7fc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua506529038f1d1b85ea30bae1256d7fc:active , .ua506529038f1d1b85ea30bae1256d7fc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua506529038f1d1b85ea30bae1256d7fc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua506529038f1d1b85ea30bae1256d7fc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua506529038f1d1b85ea30bae1256d7fc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua506529038f1d1b85ea30bae1256d7fc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua506529038f1d1b85ea30bae1256d7fc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua506529038f1d1b85ea30bae1256d7fc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua506529038f1d1b85ea30bae1256d7fc .ua506529038f1d1b85ea30bae1256d7fc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua506529038f1d1b85ea30bae1256d7fc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Catcher In The Rye Symbolism EssayThe Missouri/Kansas/Texas railroad, also known as the Katy, first came into existence in 1865. It was the first railroad to enter Texas from the north (http://www.rra.dst.tx.us/c_t/railroad/MISSOURI.cfm). This railroad was given its name based on its proposed service route. It was intended to funnel business from Missouri, Kansas, and the north and east to a new rail route across Indian Territory to and through Texas. In 1884, the Santa Fe faced the prospect of losing the Texas cattle business. To maintain business prospects, engineers turned towards the Panhandle of Texas on July 4th of that same year and gained permission to build two ro utes across Indian Territory. One route was bound for central Texas while the second looked towards the Panhandle (http://www.atsfrr.com). The Denver Rio Grande Railroad started under construction in March of 1871. The railroad stretched from Ogden, Utah to Pueblo, Colorado. Construction of this line was completed in June of 1872. Lines branched off the main line to cities like Denver, Leadville, and Santa Fe. This railroad brought much change to Colorado. Many large stockholders bought land near the railroad towns, bringing business with them. Smaller towns in Colorado where abandoned because people wanted to live near the railroad lines. The railroad was mainly used to transport silver from the mines to the larger cities. The Sherman Silver Purchasing Act of 1893 dropped the price of silver, which forced many of the mines to close. This turned Colorado more towards livestock industry (http://www.yesteryeardepot.com). The Atlantic Pacific Railroad Company started construction in 1872 in Springfield, Missouri. It met the Southern Pacific Railroad in Needles, Arizona in 1879. Other railroads bought most of the stock in the company due to bankruptcy. This railroad took away the hardships for the settlers making their way west. There was always fear of death when crossing the Southwest, whether it is from Indians or the desert heat. When the railroad went up, the settlers could just bypass all those problems by buying a train ticket (http://www.scripophily.net, http://www.atsfrr.com). The Central Pacific Railroad Company broke ground on January 8, 1863 in Sacramento, California. Workers had to bore through thousands of feet of solid stone and fought snowdrifts and avalanches along the way. The track met with the Union Pacific Railroad on May 10, 1869 in Promontory Point, Utah. This railroad had a great effect on America and other countries too. Goods could now be shipped from anywhere in America directly to the Pacific coast via train. American industries greatly profited because shipping was much quicker to overseas places. America was now seen as a land bridge for shipping between Europe and Asia (http://www.cprr.org, http://www.learncalifornia.com). In conclusion, these Transcontinental Railroads greatly affected United States history. They forced changes upon the people and the way of life in the United States by stretching all across the country, transforming, and molding the nation around them. Economic and social change could be found along the many routes of this great system. Even today, the United States relies on this vast railway system to transport goods and services from one hub to another. ReferencesChinn, S., Reed, L. Railroads in Kansas. (March 19, 1994). Retrieved on April 17, 2005, from http://www.ku.edu/heritage/research/rr/rrhistory.htmlhttp://www.cprr.orgKorst, L. (2005, April 2). What was the Great Northern Railway? Retrieved April 15, 2005, from http://www.gnrhs.org/gn_history.htm http://www.learncalifornia.comNorthern Pacific Railroad, 1999. Retrieved April 15, 2005 from http://www.linecamp.comhttp://www.scripophily.nethttp://www.yesteryeardepot.comRed River Authority of Texas. (1999-2005). Retrieved on April 17, 2005, from http://www.rra.dst.tx.us/c_t/railroad/MISSOURI.cfmThe Sante Fe Railway Historical Modeling Society. (nd). Retrieved on April 17, 2005, from http://www.atsfrr.com/resources/burton/branch-1.htmThis Day in History, Old West. 1883 Southern Pacific Railroad completes Sunset Route.(nd). Retrieved on April 17, 2005 from http://www.historychannel.com/tdih/tdih.jsp?month=10272954dayUnion Pacific Railroad, 1999. Retrieved April 15, 2005 fromhttp:// www.linecamp.com

buy custom Educational Data essay

buy custom Educational Data essay Information is very important in holding academic institutions accountable for enhanced yearly performance among the student group. The best management instrument in any institutions is the data. This is because data help in identifying the problem and the peoples who are affected by this problem and a solution is then identified. For instance, teachers or tutors can amend their lessons plans while the management can assess the curricula. Thus data can enlighten decision making (LaFee, 2002). The requirement for improved decision making has increased in the academic institutions with an increase in standards-based transformation and accountability systems for performance. Following years of persuasion and exhorting academic institutions to enhance, the policymakers have made a decision to be tough. For example, the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) legislation requires that all district schools in the U.S. to assess students, gather performance data that will then be used to identify weakn esses and strengths in the institution educational system. Any institution that does not show sufficient progress each year will be asked to improve and be subjected to immediate intercession. Many times instructors speak about corrective utilization of data to enhance instruction (Mathews, 2002). From the time when the NCLB legislation was passed, Washington States instructors have constantly heard that low score on the national or state tests equate to failure, and constant failure equates to intercession. Few instructors appear to be in a position to articulate on how they may utilize data effectively in order to improve learning and teaching. The utilization of the data in the academic environment remains an indefinable skill and concept. However, the manner in which data should be used in decision making is not difficult to execute (American Association of School Administrators, 2002). Therefore, this paper will discuss the relationship of educational data and decision making i n the academic environment. Understanding Data Possibility Comprehending and utilizing data in academic institutions and in student performance are crucial to enhancing the schools; however, schools do not often use the data they have in decision making. For many years, the leaders of the schools decided on the instructional leadership through the influence of shooting from the hip and intuition. In addition, many times they do not include data gathering and data assessment or analysis in their decision-making process (Mathews, 2002). If the school does not analyze and discuss the data, they are not likely to recognize and find solutions to the issues that require attention, and identify suitable intercessions to resolve those issues. Without utilization of the data to direct them towards their objectives, many times school leaders base their decisions on speculation. The decisions made on speculation may result to a random acts of improvement. The leaders may make wrong decisions, which may affect the performance of the students negatively (National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education, 2002). Policy Positioning Schools gather data to assist them establish whether they are achieving their objectives and function if their decision-making is driven by data. Academic leaders must not only comprehend he importance of consistency tests as well as other formal evaluations, but they should also assist their institution execute multiple performance measures of the students and more significantly, build a culture in the school by using these data. The school leaders today are very keen to avoid making mistakes that will affect childrens education performance as a result of superior stakes environment (Armstrong and Anthes, 2001). Instructors cannot wait for years or months to make a decision on what need to be done. For example, to have a loan from industry and business, institutional leaders require enhancing just-in-time advances by utilizing data to assist them make crucial decisions impacting on the students learning as well as attainment. Academic institutions leaders should also construe and co mmunicate the significance of data to the teachers, constituents-students, the members of the board, and the parent-making decisions based on fact and credibility (Armstrong and Anthes, 2001). Amount of Data Schools regularly collect data in large amounts, and in actual fact, they normally collect data in huge amounts than they need. However, they often not come up to scratch to make use of all the data they have collected (Creighton, 2001). In many situations, present data about the educational contributions, like the teachers qualifications and curricula rigor, are missing, and in many states, data on the educational results continue to confuse, to be unclear, and not evidently connected to the learning of the student (American Association of School Administrators, 2002). Policymakers and instructors lack access to quality data and they are not able to comprehend, analyze and utilize data that currently exist. This is as a result of lack of training in data assessment on the side of the teachers and the school leaders and they also lack support and tools (Creighton, 2001). Support In the State of Washington, from a few schools, leaders from several districts, it seems that the utilization of and willingness to execute decisions driven by data in practice mirrors the situation in the country. It is difficult to identify traditions around the utilization of the data in the institutions (American Association of School Administrators, 2002). Innovative utilization of the decision making driven by data was frequently recognized as remote incidents of personal lone teacher or school leader. Although, there exist a number of indications of organized utilization and data support in districts, real utilization and data support could simply be misleading (Glasman, 1994). For instance, a number of huge school districts, and principals frequently noted that staff members from the district office who offer the explanation of the student as well as the school data, with no input from the school employees. In addition, school heads obtain data reports printed at the district office rather than on their desktop. This is frequently the situation because the districts lack online databases that would allow principals to assess data flexibility as well as in real-time. However, it put a ceiling on the data the principal need and the decisions making time. In a small school at the district level, the principal are left with the data analysis with no support from the district (American Association of School Administrators, 2002). Programs Preparation It is advisable that programs prepared by the administration reports that the curricula does not sufficiently address decision making driven by data. Students operating in these programs get an important fraction of education through the use of internships with principals on the ground. Therefore, students experiences with decision making driven by data may be established by internship placement (Doyle, 2003). Recommendations The leaders of the schools require resources and tools that assist them to see clearly and that offer significant information promptly and dependably for the school and also for the tutors. Some schools leaders have a strong need to better comprehend the data that is matched by dissatisfaction as a result of need for training opportunities. When instructors can draw assumptions from the data, they are able to discover the required change direction, identify students requiring intercession, and identify advances providing promising results to assist students achievement (Streifer, 2002). The utilization of the multiple, and occasionally creative, data sources that enables the leaders of the schools to make some corrections and constant enhancement toward academic achievement by learners. Interoperable data systems are the bottom line to enhanced provision of resources, superior management efficiency, and online appraisals of scholar performance that empower instructors to truly transf orm teaching and personalize instruction (Technology-alliance.com, 2011). Utilization of data efficiently should play the main role in the growth of the school developments plans as well as in decisions needed to be made daily by the educators. The utilization of data may be powerful and affirmative educational instrument. Schools that employ in decisions driven by data have information that measures the progress of the students in achieving standards and also allows them to evaluate present and the future requirements of parents, students, community and staff; establish if objectives are being achieved; enhance instruction; recognize the causes of the issues; make sure the students are not at fault; and engage in constant school enhancement as well as alternative ways to enhance student progress (Doyle, 2003). Conclusion The principals and school administrators should learn to utilize as well as believe in data based on fact when making administrative decisions. In alliance with NCLB, the amended standards for the Advanced Programs should serve as leadership training program for the school and may be utilized as keystone for professional enhancement of the existing administrators of the school. Decisions driven by data is essential to the skills of the school administrators in the leadership values of the school vision, organization, instruction, collaborative partnerships, huge-context politics and moral perspective. Therefore, it advisable that the decision makers should gather data first before making any decision, as decision without data, may result to severe consequences, whereas decision with data will result to successful decision. From the above information, it is evident that the education data and decision making with the academic has a great relationship. Buy custom Educational Data essay

Printing and the History of Printing Processes

Printing and the History of Printing Processes The earliest dated printed book known is Diamond Sutra, printed in China in 868 CE. However, it is suspected that book printing may have occurred long before this date. Back then, printing was limited in the number of editions made and nearly exclusively decorative, used for pictures and designs. The material to be printed was carved into wood, stone, and metal, rolled with ink or paint, and transferred by pressure to parchment or vellum. Books were hand copied mostly by members of religious orders. In 1452,  Johannes Gutenberga German blacksmith  craftsman, goldsmith, printer, and inventorprinted copies of the Bible on the Gutenberg press, an innovative printing press machine that used movable type. It remained the standard until the 20th century.   A Timeline of Printing 618-906:  T’ang Dynasty - The first printing is performed in China, using ink on carved wooden blocks; multiple transfers of an image to paper begins.868:  Diamond Sutra  is printed.1241:  Koreans print books using movable type.1300:  The first use of wooden type in China begins.1309:  Europeans first make  paper. However, the Chinese and Egyptians had started making paper in previous centuries.1338:  The first paper mill opened in France.1390:  The first paper mill opened in Germany.1392:  Foundries that can produce bronze type are opened in Korea.1423:  Block printing is used to print books in Europe.1452:  Metal plates are first used in printing in Europe. Johannes  Gutenberg  begins printing the Bible, which he finishes in 1456.1457:  The first color printing is produced by Fust and Schoeffer.1465:  Drypoint engravings are invented by Germans.1476:  William Caxton begins using a Gutenberg printing press in England.1477:  Intaglio is firs t used for book illustration for Flemish book Il Monte Sancto di Dio. 1495:  The first paper mill opened in England.1501:  Italic type is first used.1550:  Wallpaper is introduced in Europe.1605:  The first weekly newspaper is published in Antwerp.1611:  The King James Bible is published.1660:  Mezzotinta method of engraving on copper or steel by burnishing or scraping away a uniformly roughened surfaceis invented in Germany.1691:  The first paper mill is opened in the American colonies.1702:  Multicolored engraving is invented by German Jakob Le Blon. The first English-language daily newspaperThe Daily Courantis published called.1725:  Stereotyping  is invented by William Ged in Scotland.1800:  Iron printing presses are invented.1819:  The rotary printing press is invented by David Napier.1829:  Embossed printing is invented by  Louis Braille.1841:  The type-composing machine is invented.1844:  Electrotyping is invented.1846:  The cylinder press is invented by Richard Hoe; it can print 8,000 sheets per hour.1863:  T he rotary web-fed letterpress is invented by William Bullock. 1865:  The web offset press can print on both sides of the paper at once.1886:  The linotype composing machine is invented by Ottmar Mergenthaler.1870:  Paper is now mass-manufactured from wood pulp.1878:  Photogravure printing is invented by Karl Klic.1890:  The mimeograph machine is introduced.1891:  Printing presses can now print and fold 90,000 four-page papers per hour. Diazotypein which photographs are printed on fabricis invented.1892:  The four-color rotary press is invented.1904:  Offset lithography becomes common, and the first  comic book  is published.1907:  Commercial silk screening is invented.1947:  Phototypesetting  is made practical.59 B.C.:  Acta Diurna, the first newspaper, is published in Rome.1556:  The first monthly newspaper, Notizie Scritte, is published in Venice.1605:  The first printed newspaper published weekly in Antwerp is called Relation.1631:  The first French newspaper, The Gazette, is published.1645:  Post-och Inri kes Tidningar is published in Sweden and is still being published today, making it the worlds oldest newspaper. 1690:  The first newspaper is published in America: Publick Occurrences.1702:  The first English-language daily newspaper is published: The Daily Courant. The Courant was first published as a periodical in 1621.1704:  Considered the world’s first journalist, Daniel Defoe publishes The Review.  1803:  The first newspapers to be published in Australia include The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser.1830:  The number of newspapers published in the United States is 715.1831:  The famous abolitionist newspaper The Liberator is first published by  William Lloyd Garrison.1833:  The New York Sun newspaper costs one cent and is the beginning of the  penny press.1844:  The first newspaper is published in Thailand.1848:  The Brooklyn Freeman newspaper is first published by  Walt Whitman.1850:  P.T. Barnum starts  running newspaper ads for  Jenny Lind, the Swedish Nightingale performances in America.1851:  The United States Post Office starts of fering a cheap newspaper rate.1855:  The first newspaper published in Sierra Leone. 1856:  The first full-page newspaper ad is published in the New York Ledger. Large type newspaper ads are made popular by photographer  Mathew Brady. Machines now mechanically fold newspapers.1860:  The New York Herald starts the first morguea morgue in newspaper terms means an archive.  1864:  William James Carlton of J. Walter Thompson Company begins selling advertising space in newspapers. The J. Walter Thompson Company is the longest-running American advertising agency.1867:  The first double column advertising appears for the department store Lord Taylor.1869:  Newspaper circulation numbers are published by George P. Rowell in the first Rowells American Newspaper Directory.1870:  The number of newspapers published in the United States is 5,091.1871:  The first newspaper published in Japan is the daily Yokohama Mainichi Shimbun.  1873:  The first illustrated daily newspaper, The Daily Graphic, is published in New York.1877:  The first weather report with a map is published in Australia. The Washington Post newspaper first publishes, with a circulation of 10,000 and a cost of 3 cents per paper. 1879:  The benday processa technique for producing shading, texture or tone in line drawings and photographs by overlaying a fine screen or a pattern of dots, which is named after illustrator and printer Benjamin Dayimproves  newspapers. The first whole-page newspaper ad is placed by American department store Wanamakers.1880:  The first halftone photographShantytownis published in a newspaper.1885:  Newspapers are delivered daily by train.1887:  The San Francisco Examiner is published.1893:  The Royal Baking Powder Company becomes the biggest newspaper advertiser in the world.1903:  The first tabloid-style newspaper, The Daily Mirror, is published.1931:  Newspaper funnies now include Plainclothes Tracy, starring Dick Tracy.1933:  A battle develops between the newspaper and  radio  industries. American newspapers try to force the Associated Press to terminate news service to radio stations.1955:  Teletype-setting is used for newspapers.1967:  Newspapers use d igital production processes and begin using computers for operations. 1971:  The use of offset presses becomes common.1977:  The first public access to archives is offered by Torontos Globe and Mail.2007:  There are now 1,456 daily newspapers in the United States alone, selling 55 million copies a day.2009:  This was the worst year in decades as far as advertising revenues for newspapers. Newspapers begin moving into online versions.2010-present:resent:  Digital printing becomes the new norm, as commercial printing and publishing fade slightly due to technology.

Smart City Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Smart City - Essay Example identifies that majority of these individuals still live in slums (2011). Comparatively, although cities only occupy 2 to 3 percent of the total earth’s surface, they are responsible for about 75 percent of carbon secretions and 80 percent of the total energy consumption (Haftor, Mirijamdotter & Bradley, 2010). It is thus in this context that, to be livable in the future, cities require efficient urbanization plans with a huge emphasis placed on the concepts of sustainability, smart, and livability. Essentially, there are various factors which characterize and define Smart Cities. According to Sanseverino, these factors include smart economy, sustainability, smart mobility, economic development, smart people, a high quality of life and smart governance among others (2014). Thus, these factors are essential for the improvement of lives of individuals residing in cities. It is worth noting that these factors can be enhanced through the appropriate and effective use of infrastructure, Information Computer Technology (ICT), as well as social capital (Galbraith, 2014). As such, a Smart City creates an environment that not only presents the residents with numerous opportunities to be tapped, but also a broad range of actions and activities as embraced in its voluminous definitions. According to Giffinger, et al., a Smart City can be defined as â€Å"an innovative city† which makes use of ICTs and other strategies to increase urban competition, improve efficiency in the service s offered and improve the general quality of city life (2007). It is however worth noting that in order to achieve this, it is important to not only meet the needs of the present generation but also the future generations. Notably important, there are six important dimensions that are key to the creation of a Smart City. These dimensions can be identified as smart mobility, smart economy, smart people, smart environment, smart governance