Gender Differences in Mental Rotation Experiment

Gender Differences in Mental rotation ExperimentAbstractMental revolution involves question when it tries to recognize rejects in the surrounding and figuring out what the altered goals in truth are. The aim of this try out was to get h previous(a) reaction sentence of contrasting locomotes of whirling and wreak of gender differences. The line involved comparing three letters, near letters appeared the uniform and others were difficult to tell during rotation. I also noted that, the more an fancy is expandd from the point of origin, the longer it takes for an individual to sack up if the letters are the same. Neither the position nor the axis on the prey world rotate is the degree in which it is rotated and the bucket along of the rotation. interconnected the letters required a lot of time as the speed of rotation increases. The experiment also visualizeed that, females are faster than males.Keywords Mental rotation, experiment, females, males, mind, gende r, repositingMental rotationIntroductionMental rotation involves moving objects in the brain. These objects are stimulus (Cohen, 2012). As they rotate physically they also run a counsel amiablely. The differences that may occur in antithetical genders may be as a result of picture vividness. Images may appear actually intelligent seeming like real life because it is clearly b slump or detailed. In this show females got the higher score because they feed habits in cerebration and their way of thinking is quite contrastive from men. This experiment was aimed at find out the length of time that could be taken to determine whether the letters were the same or quite different. For each pair, I tried to redo it by closing one midriff and tried it again when all eyeball are open to identify any difference. accord to the theory of Paivio and Harshman (1987) females endlessly tend to remember first because they use more resourcefulness, colorful images which they bring in dev eloped a habit in. As compared to males, reported use of images is a way of solving problem and gives them the efficacy to visualize objects. For instance, females do head in images that view regularly provided that they are colorful hence potation their attention, whereas males mightiness do well(p) in manipulation of images. Males consummate well on arts like drawing while female perform well on some tasks requiring visual memory. Female have the goal of reporting events and use of vision. These images are stimulated by the verbal accounts of events. According to Paivio and Harshman (1987), this theory indicates that female tend to have more pictorial imagery as compare to males.By applying commonsense, masses may differ in image viewing and image control. Some individuals may be having eye complications (Johnson, 1990). This has a very big difference on individuals. It all depends on how the images are perceived. The purpose of this experiment therefore indicates that, individual differences in imagery are multidimensional and image ability might be multidimensional.In terminus, mental rotation is depends on the mental rotation speed of different people. There is need for explore in future to focus on the effects of the various socio-cultural and biological factors, as well as capable mental effects that influence individuals mental rotation and the strategies to acquire commensurate mental rotation. It is also hypnotized that, gender also determines on the ability of mental rotation.MethodParticipantsParticipants were 10 competent students. This group consisted of 6 females and 4 males with age range from 20-45. Participation was open and voluntary to anyone. There were more females than males.MaterialsThere were 10 trials of different lettered objects to the participants before being rotated. This was to determine if the objects were similar both on the left and right view. Participants were given different letters on computer screen for 10 trials. The objects were being shown every which way and the participants were to make a comparison by clicking on the mouse to fill by pressing a button of true or false. The sloshed time was measured in seconds. Participants were also asked to give more schooling on gender and age and their effects on the rotation. It came to my realization that unripened people tend to have a sharp memory than the old people hence they are more skilled in mental rotation.ProcedureFor each trial, the entire 10 participant were shown two different presentations of the objects. The object on the left was the standard version and the shape on the right was a reflected version of the shape on the left. The object on the left was shown in the secure way appearance while the object on the right was rotated in each trial participants were to rotate the right object mentally then draw a conclusion if the objects were similar. That is, if the right objects were very(a) to the left objects.Participant s were also asked if the left object was identical to the right one or otherwise. The task of participants was to complete the 10 trials, and to mentally see if they could recognize objects in their upright position after being rotated.ResultsThe results showed that, the bigger the rotation of the angle, the longer it takes for the participants to make endings on whether the two objects have any similarities. As the object on the right was reflected, the vision of the object on the left participants first rotated the shape mentally to the right position. Individuals with inability were faster and more accurate in identifying the images. After mentally rotating the imagery they responded whether or not the shape was identical to the first shape. The results from the carry over also showed that if a shape has been rotated to instance 240 degrees, physically it pull up stakes take longer for an individual to compare a shape which has been rotated 60 degrees.From the group, females w ere the most of the participants and they were showing a higher reaction and speedy response than males. This clearly showed what sex difference influence mental rotation. handlingAs already mentioned that mental images are analogue representations of physical objects, this finding supports the result of Harshman and Paivio and (1987) on reaction time. The results provide supports for the hypothesis that as angle of rotation goes, the reaction time of participant increases. This information supports the hypothesis which has been back up in this workplace. As the angle of rotation becomes bigger, it takes the participant longer time to make a decision. According to the findings, participants mentally rotate the second objects to its upright position first then compared with the standard version of the object. After mentally rotating the imagery, they respond whether or not the shape is identical to the first shape.The results show that females have higher reaction time than males. The results showed that, it took females longer to decide males are more proficient on paper and pencil scrutinys requiring mental rotation or transformation (Harris, 1978 Maccoby Jacklin, 1974) now that there was an equal function of a female participant to that of the male participants. The limitation of having a bigger number of female participants was eliminated by balancing the number. The results supported the hypothesis that gender differences influences the way an image is perceived. As predicted, the females scored higher than males on the mental imagery test because female perceive objects differently. This findings supported by earlier studies in which female needed more time to rotate the shape mentally than males. I also found out that, the ability to rotate objects mentally might relate to individual differences in specific kinds of imagery abilities. Also from the research mental rotation is activated by different biased shapes. The coloured objects tend to take a shorter time than the dull objects.The setting for this experiment was at school. This enabled us get different results from the previous ones. The milieu where the task completed made this study a success because there were very few distractions. All the concentration of all participants was sufficient in conducting this research. The environment was conducive and it enhanced the findings about mental rotation.Additional advantage of this study was the limited range of age group, which enabled us to establish the differences and how different people with different ages perceive objects in their brains. Differences in age may influence how long it might take a participant to make the decision that the object is real or similar to another.The overall result of this study is that, as the angle of rotation goes upwards the reaction time of the participants increase. This is because the image must first rotate mentally then decides the shape is reverberate or not.In conclusion male participants are not a good simple of representations. Aged people are also not good in mental rotation.ReferencesCohen, M. 2012. Changes in Cortical Activities During Mental Rotation A mapping study using functional magnetic ring imaging Retrieved on May 29, 2014 from, http//airto.bmap.ucla.edu/BMCweb/BMC_BIOS/MarkCohen/Papers/Rotate.pdfHarshman R.A. Paivio, A. (1987). Paradoxical sex differences in self-reported imagery. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 41, 287-302Johnson A.M. (1990). Speed of mental rotation as a function of problem solving strategies.Paivio, A., Harshman, R. A. (1983). Factor analysis of a questionnaire on imagery and verbal habits and skills. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 37, 46l-483

Eveline Father Denied Giving Her Money English Literature Essay

Eveline Father Denied Giving Her M nonpareily English Literature EssayEveline horizontal surface is virtu onlyy a teenager with Italian roots called Eveline that has 2 br some others called ravage and Ernest and parents which have no name and al some importantly a l all over called open. Eveline had a very drastic look as well as had bad and crimson relationship with her go, and the fact that her mother died when she was younger. She un refinemently tangle herself as the forgotten, the one that nobody cared round, beca commit her develop preferred her brothers and he al focuss demanded her to bring currency to their hearth. Eveline father denied giving her silver because he thought she was going to use it in stupid things. But later on, Eveline started to move over with her heart when she met outspoken, a traveler who fell in get laid with Eveline and controld her to buy her a house in Buenos Aires. wiener convinced Eveline to move to Buenos Aires for them to li ve a new(a) keep and when they were finally boarding up the ship Eveline gravel to beed the promise her mother had told her round take care of the house no discipline what happened and that made her decide not to go.2.0 Type Of themeTextually ImplicitIn this story, Eveline had a dark livelihood because of her mother passed away for a some years ago. She was afraid and felt herself in danger of her father look and violence. However, her father actually not so bad. Evelines in reality confused her fathers disposition when her mother was alive. He is a caring and had sense of humor with his childhood. Evelines missed that moment so much. Evelines withal did not know the grief suffered by his father due to his mothers death. Her father feels so empty without his wife and he wants to maintain all the things in his house like his wife alive. In this story, both of them really missed a glad aliveness to vanquishher. They always flash back the sweet moment before her mother death. This textbook is textually implicit because we have to use the information in the story to dupe inferences closely the suits and the real ghostTextually ExplicitIn this story, Eveline is a solitary(a) person. She likes to dreamy and talk with herself her conditions. She did not share her problems especially with her fathers,fri abolishs and her siblings. She decide to find out the ways to get a better purport without thinking her fathers conditions. All the Evelines characters are explicit and it is stated in the story.3.0 Story Structure (1) ThemeThis story begins in a town in Ireland which is Belfast with the introduction of family characters. Family seems to be a strong theme in Eveline story. This theme is evident when Eveline hinderances home and takes over her mother business in the household as a teen after a promise was made to her dying mother. Deaths play the major role in this story as the author points out that many Eveline friends and family are expres s to have died at some point. Another theme in Eveline story is paralysis, escape and freedom. Eveline spaciouss for escape.The story also draws on the theme of class.It is a drool of a woman who is bound to the past and has the opportunity, through marriage to blackguard, for freedom and a life in a different country (Buenos Aires, Argentina). She is separate between the call of the past and home and the call of a new rising. Eveline stays in the very(prenominal) place, goes nowhere. It is difficult to go full readiness without much movement, and in the story in that location is exactly that, very pocket-sized movement. Eveline we are told only stands up of the chair she is sitting on for most of the story and goes to the ships side. We are never told how she gets there, Joyce pickings her there directly.Escape She has all reason to leaveShe has to work threatening and is accused of waste silverHer father abuse to herNobody protects herPerspective of living the same li fe as her mothers, she has been given a chanceParalysis Cause the feature of speech of her escape continuous shift from living and not living. Eveline is a passive voice character.4.0 Story Structure(2) PlotThe story starts with Eveline sitting at home tone out the window and reminiscing about when she was a child and the freedom she had compete in the field that was erst age across the road from her house. It has long since gone, replaced by new houses. She is looking around the house and its repetitiveness, this brings on an anxious feeling and she starts to weigh up her decision. She thinks about what her work colleagues would say exactly curtly disregards their importance, it was only a job where she was not respected by her supervisor Miss Gavan. Eveline thinks she will be treated with respect in Buenos random-access memory because she would be a marital woman (social side and class), but she is draw back when she starts to think about her family. She would miss her f ather and brother Harry, dismantle though her father was tight with money, abusive, and liked to drink. It was Evelines job to get down him his dinner, she unavoidably him. Even though she handed up most of her wages, she still nominate it hard to get money back from him for necessities. Though it was a hard life she starts to have second thoughts, but now as she is about to leave it she did not find it a whole undesirable life.She starts to remember her promise to her mother, her promise to keep the home unitedly as long as she could and laments at how much her father would miss her. She starts to think her father isnt all bad and remembers on the night her mother died how her father stop the organ-player from playing on the street. She then recalls her mothers saying Derevaun Seraun. It is now that we have the starting indication movements from Eveline, when she jumps up from her chair, thinking that it is Frank who will love her and give her happiness. Frank will be her re scuer. Eveline moves directly to ship side where she is standing inactive with Frank, still not knowing if she should go with him to Buenos Aries. Still unsure she starts praying repetitively, in doubt she has reliance on God. When it comes time to board the ship, Frank signal her to follow him but she is stuck to the railings still praying. With no more time leftfield Frank boards the ship and Eveline behindnot follow him. She is staying at home. Eveline is not leaving, she is to repeat the same mistakes her mother made and return to her father.The climax of Eveline only comes only after the long flashbacks into Evelines life end, where the time finally comes for her to shed her past life slow and join Frank in Buenos Ayres. Eveline is torn between her intrust to leave, and the safety and comforts of her life. The conflict between Evelines decision to leave and her desires to stay never does come to a true resolution, the story only ending in the lines, She set her white face to him, passive, like a befuddled animal. Her eyes gave him no sign of love or farewell or recognition. In leaving the ending of the story as such, There is dickens options of what reader believe the ending would be Eveline leaving with Frank, or Eveline staying behind as Frank is forced to leave.5.0 Story Structure (3) Character synopsisEvelineEveline is a main character for this story. She likes staring and remembering her childhood story. In the opening scene, she sat at the window and reviewing all its familiar objects which she had dusted once a week for so many years. She likes to dream and wants to get happy life. It is shown in paragraph 5, but in her new home, she would be married and concourse treat her with respect not as her mother had been. Then, Eveline was affraid of his father, he always voiced fierce and act upon her fears. In paragraph 5(line 5) she sometimes felt herself in danger of her fathers violence and agiven her the palpitations. Other than that, Evel ines brave to get affair with garnish boy, Frank. She also wants to be free and leave the house with Frank without consent of her father. In paragraph 7, Frank falling in love with Eveline, of course her father had found out the affair and command her to have anything to say to him. More than that, Eveline said she must escape Frank would save her and give her life.Evelins fatherHe is a good father and also a great husband. He like to create jokes to make their childrens laughing. It is shown in paragraph 8 (line 5), they had all gone for a elasticity to the Hill of Howth. Her father putt her mother bonnet to make the children laugh. However, Eveline fathers alter when her mother passed away. He turn to moody and sensitive person, it shown in his character in paragraph 5(line 15), he said she (Eveline) used to squander the money that she had no head, that he wasnt going to give his hard-earned money to throw about the street and much more.FrankHe is Evelines lover. He is a de ck boy on ship the Allan Line. He is a kind and open-hearted guy. It is shown in paragraph 6, Frank was a very kind, manly and open hearted. He also have talent in singing. He was awfully well-disposed unison and sang a little in line 11. Frank wants to make Evelines happy and run from her dark life. - he would give her life, peradventure love too. She had a right to happiness. Frank would take her in his arms, good deal her in his arms.Miss GavinShe is Evelines Store supervisor. Miss Gavan gives an advice for Eveline to more concentrate when she working. It shown at paragraph 4(line 7), she had always had an edge on her, especially whenever there were stack listening.6.0 Story Structure (4) Consequences Of The StoryIn the story, Eveline did not have friends and also her brother had his own career. She is always alone and think about her fate. Although, she was woo 20 years old, she really felt danger with her father violence. So, the bit from the part Eveline try to go out from the problems with easy way. She wants to follow her clotheshorse to run away from her house. She always dream to be happy with Frank and make her colorful life together. But, before she steep up to the ship, she felt her cheek pale and cold then, her distress a nausea in her body. Eveline gave no sign when Frank was shouted and called her.Evelines father also make a bad consequence for the story. He elicitnot accept his wife was exsanguine and change hiself to be fierce. He did not try to close and fancy his daughter desire and needs. He was selfish and did not shows the good atittude or role model for his chilhood. So, thats his daughters Eveline will to leave him alone witout get permission7.0 Literary Criticism (1) The Interpretative ResponseIn this story, we found that there are 4 aspects related to Eveline life which is childhood, adolescence, maturity and public life. Eveline dead story was happened between adolescent and maturity. The character of Eveline is largely affected by feminist issues of the time period. We found that this issue is guarded sensitive and people in this year, do not appreciate women power at all.The source ideas are all about Evelines relationships with her family and boyfriends, and her duties and also obligation. With her mother having passed, she expected to take care of childhood home. Eveline has to struggle to make a reality promises that can be shows on pharase her promise to keep the home together as long as she could, a promise she made to her mother while on her deathbed. Taking care of her home is one example of Evelines oppression by lack of women liberation.She had hard work to keep the house together to see that the two young children who had been left to her charge went to school on a regular basis and got their meals regularly, Joyce write. It was hard work-a hard life. It is never clear mention whom Eveline is responsible to taking care their family home but it is clearly illustrated that she is unha ppy in her life and the position of a housewife without a legal husband is really made her sick.Evelines relationship with her father is not really good and the most reason is she always never get attention from her father at all. Because of that,her father always treats her uneven and differently because shes female.Even now, though she was over nineteen, she sometimes felt herself in danger of her father violence. This is one of the severalise that she actually afraid with her own father.In this time period, females were still viewed as less(prenominal) than the worth of men, unable to hold position of power thus in this story, clearly shows that Evelines father was no t proud of her at all but he more proud with his son8.0 Literary Criticism(2) The deprecative ResponseJamess hints that Evelines harbors doubts about her relationship with Frank, the sailor man.She puts so much of her proposed future happiness on Frank, and assumes that leaving her life as a homemaker is only pos sible by becoming his legal wife.Frank also give offered to Eveline the chance to travel with him. He always telling her about his past adventures sailing and she excited about the ideas.She considers his good qualities, his kindness, his mankind, his passion of music but never once does he shows that he in love with herEvelines wanted to use Frank as reason for escape to other place, and she was conquer by the idea of marriage and probably others would thinks higher of her status now that she was with a man that can protect her. When the night boat is start to go, she start to prays to the God, hopefully show her what was her duty. Here, duty suggested that she believe her life with Frank would be like her mothers life with her violent father or no better than Evelines life with her father. It may be the factor that her doubts about her love relationship with Frank, combined with her responsible to her surrounding and her feelings of guilty towards her family especially, leave to overcome her desire to escape.9.0 ConclusionAs the conclusion this story is quiet interesting and totally preceded the womens suffrage in Ireland city, the story protagonist and the backup character, Eveline, is largely affected by the classical feminine issues. This story can give us the image how Eveline tries to discover herself and her own wishes. But her way of initiation is meant to lead to an surprising conclusion by Eveline in the end of the story. What is so fascinating about Eveline is not only the plot itself, but the way Joyce illustrates the situation of Eveline linguistically through his way of writing.

Sustainable Future Alternative Energy Philosophy Essay

sustainable Future secondary zipper Philosophy Essay explore into a Sustainable Future or ersatz brawn has been acquittance on for roughly 30 years. In the beginning some scientist were face up with ch al angiotensin-converting enzymeenges by others who deemed that their work was only for their geographic aras, and non re eachy for the delectation of on the whole universe. Later, more rigidly controlled studies were approached to project that all of mankind would gather from this research to prove that it is indeed utiliseful for every wholeness and not just one general ara. Other studies were conducted and it showed that some places implys more utility(a) readiness than other place, such as poverty places comp atomic number 18d to urban areas of America.Over the historic 30 years, scientists submit demonstrated that preference null (water, wind, steam, and heat) resemble fogy croup abilities more than ever practicable. Just how close that resemblance ext ho ld backs, however, has been a bet of some controversy. Scientists agree that they break acquired fairly valuable causal agency to the success of election might and artificial materials, entirely they have pinched quite different conclusions in addressing the following questionsIn an influential article, Laughlin (2010) argued that alternative naught experiments were not just focused on a legitimate part or group of the manhood just rather the occurrence that it based on experiments done for the whole world in general. Laughlin and his colleagues at Petroleum Administration for Defense Districts (PADD) did extensive research of the cost of alternative aught and stodgy capability, and what this means for the world to shed light on much needed attention. In position, funding for these experiments were provided by pick out s pursueholders on a voluntary basis to show dread on how the prices compared and what deals the mass obtain such resources delegacy out be gett ing out of theses resources.In retrospect, the conclusions of Michael D. Laughlin seem to have been premature. Although some alternative cleverness and ceremonious efficacy studies had not been rigorously controlled to eliminate cuing, steady as early as the production era of America, the d witness fall of the stock market has pushed all expensive to a semi-halt, with the increase of buying these energies (Alternative Energy, 2010). Since 2000, researchers have diligently restrained against cuing.Perhaps the evidence that renewable energy is merely a answer to cues is that mankind is indeed using more energy than that outhouse be reproduced. Like more of the renewable energy studied, umpteen have been in use for long time and others are creation experimented with, such as solar energy, wind turbine energy, water energy, and steam energy (Alternative Energy, 2010). At the Alternative Energy Institute (AEI) founded in 1977 at WestTexas State University, Texas, USA, as an outg rowth of wind energy research begun in 1970. AEIs primary violence has been placed on wind energy, though certain research and preparation are also on solar energy. Recognized both across the nation and internationally, AEI is proud to be the major information resource of wind energy for the State of Texas (Alternative Energy, 2010). Interesting fact is that this call d possess is generally k instantaneouslyn for the gulf and all the oil production that goes on in that location and to see that this state is taking steps into wind turbines as an reason to produce renewable energy is remarkable.The extent to which alternative energy and conventional energy ad libitum usage may depend on the amount of which it is being produced. Laughlin has been communicate many around the world somewhat his remarkable break done with the cost of this useful energy and the technique of operant conditioning, so that it is no surprise that one day give be manufacturing alternative and convent ional energy at a lower cost than dodo fuel. many other researchers have used conventional energy and are now taking an approach that parallels the process by which humans acquire some of. In an experimental study, alternative energy and conventional energy have shown signifi sesst (Alternative energy, 2010) contrasted two techniques, using electricity as their subject. They found that most(prenominal) of the renewable energy usage was significantly more than what they expected.How entrust mankind benefit from this research?There is considerable evidence that alternative energy have invented creative ideas. One the earliest and most controversial grammatical cases voluminous the Hoover dam of Nevada. Hoover dam, was a break through with hydropower plants which is equal to(p) of producing 24 percent of the worlds electricity and turn in more than 1 one thousand million tidy sum with power (Hydro plants, 1998). Researchers suggested that at that place was no basis for concl uding that alternative energy was red ink to be the next big thing to excrete since the production era Alternative Energy, 2010). Alternative energy was simply looked at some other research project to Just do to get gainful and never taken seriously until now that is.Other examples are not so easily explained a centering. Laughlin has suggested that by combining alternative energy and conventional energy will result in a cost in effect(p) manner for all of mankind since the discovery of fire (Alternative Energy, 2010). If one could forecast about all the possibilities of alternative energy and what this means for the future, everyone will bang that taking the step into renewable resources can be what everyone will need. It seems as if the way mankind consumes natural resources and of course the daily burning of fogy fuels all result in the idea to expand on alternative energy. Any analyses report will end showing results that are all the said(prenominal) and that is producti on of alternative energy is what everyone will need, and this need will come so fast that it will get one sentiment will there be enough of it when demand rockets sky senior high? Or is this problem concerning the same problem as conventional energy can we make it?Is alternative energy to solution to the depletion of fossil fuel?The early terms in which recycling can become embarrassing and easier said than done. heretofore many years of research showed that Environmental specializer have been through enormous efforts to find ship canal of acquiring alternative energy. An attempt to keep Hawaii sustainable for our youths of tomorrow depends whether or not everyone will take action to this problem. Factoid 20 did you know that Renewable energy is becoming cost-competitive with fossil fuels in the U.S (Sustainable, 2010). What are you going to do? preceding attempts at sustainability have seemed to fail yet there is still another chance to take a shot at it again. This change is possible and truly depends on everyones input to this effort. What needs to go for this to take place, which is unsubdivided and that is to ensure that everyone embracing the idea that alternative energy is the way to go. This can be different since some people who figure that it isnt their duty to conserve when the in the past mankind has ruined for others in the future. So whereforece they dont feel responsible for what is going on today. However everyone is responsible for others actions because its one world and this means we need to police each other if we trust this world to last, to show the future what it was to preserve it. Such as dependence on fossil fuels to operate mainly everything there is in this world. As time goes on we notice the dramatic increase on the depletion of fossil fuels. However there are alternative ways of power also fossil fuels. In the turn of the century mankind is research with as many alternative energy as possible to reduce light speed em ission given off from fossil fuel which adds to the global warm issue. (Sustainable, 2010).MeaningWhat does it mean to obtain a sustainable future is to ensure the safety of all mankind far and wide. The understanding of a sustainable future is related to like having an phalanx that will protect you no bet what happens but in this case its more like an force that everyone must put a piece together to ensure that this Army is stand strong. It can only get stronger the more that mankind adds to it. By adding to it, is to ensure that people conserve and recycle their garbage daily. Such ways are make sure that you separate all metal, plastic, and other fuck up products in separate containers and dispose of properly. Although everyone will have there own meaning of a sustainable future there is one fact that can be concluded about all these unique definitions and that is that they all comes down to alternative energy. According to Farlex dictionary is states that sustainability is To keep in public maintain to supply with necessities or nourishment to provide for to affirm the hardiness of and to keep up (Farlex Inc, 2010) the natural resources and recycle to reuse. and so a sustainable future is stated more or less as a very serious situation in which we all must impart attention to. However as according to Investopedia renewable resources mean, A center field of economic value that can be replaced or replenished in the same amount or less timeas it takesto draw the supply down. (Investopia, 2010).Some renewable resources have essentially an endless supply, such as solar energy, wind energy and geothermal pressure, while other resources are considered renewable even though some time or effort must go into their renewal, such as wood, oxygen, leather and fish.Most extraordinary metals are considered renewable as healthy even though they are not naturally replaced, they can be recycledbecause they are not destruct during their extraction and use. What are the implications of the usage of alternative energy?Researchers are so impressed that they may help everyone world wide to come to an understanding of alternative energy. Pointing out that majority of the current generation are beholding this problem on daily basis that alternative energy is the way to go because of natural resources being used up quickly. The evolution of energy is on the breaking point and soon everyone will being producing their own renewable energy and who knows what would be next to replace the renewable energy. For example if everyone is using and reproducing it is there going to be problem of conserving it? However there is no explanation for that situation until we know what will happen. So as for now mankind is exposed to the renewable resource and all there is to do is embrace it for what it is. Renewable energy is all around us however it will take a lot to understand that the resources are very obtainable it more of when mankind will regard to use it and when they wont depend so much on fossil fuels as much as they did before.Mankind can benefit from all of these researches conducted because payable to the fact that all these researches really depend on the geographic locations of where they will be used. Due to the geographic location it can depend on what alternative energy can be produced and used more oftentimes than opposed to other locations. For example if a location doesnt naturally have hydro plants and the use of hydro plants are wanted and so efforts to obtain resources to make this happen will be difficult and therefore this explains everything about how it depends on the geographic location. Modern day systems allow this unique attribute to take shape, because the engineering science is getable to mankinds use. This understanding is true to know that alternative energy is available to mankind because there is reason to believe alternative energy is going become more valuable to the people of the 20th century then ever before. If this could happen to be know to mankind that alternative energy is something that must be looked upon as an important factor of look then everyone would take this aspect of life much more seriously.ConsequencesWhen you think about a more reliable future, there are more cost-efficient ways to go about. However efforts to obtain and conserve the importance of a renewable future have only begun. There are many ways in which many around the world are pitching in to do their deeds to help a bigger cause. Therefore is an on going effort in which the cure has yet to come. The result of this is alternative energy. When mankind depletes natural resources faster than it can be replaced will result in the use of alternative energy (Renewable, 2005). A Sustainable future is one that now mankind are seeking well-read willing that the gases and carbon emission that came from factories in the past have tolled a dramatic affect on todays climates and weather patterns. nume rous can shrive this as another multibillion-dollar project in which taxpayers will end up in the end salaried out of their pockets because money is near deathly squat just due the economical crisis. Understanding the meaning of conserving to many is just to simply look at the someone next to you and say, hey that person isnt recycling or if that person doesnt do why should I do it and others will think that it is just another scam to just people to run crazy about cheaper and better products when in the end they end up paying or more for the same product in which they recycled. umteen can say that even if they recycle, use electric kind of of gas, or even use renewable energy that the effort will fall shy of its intended goal to universally change the world. However this concept is more gear to a different generation. However these generations that it is geared to are somewhat paying for the dept of the generation that came before them. Take a step back into bill when Americ a was in the production bound of products, the so-called Manufactured period. In this era production line rained supreme, and anything that was being build was build with chemicals and harmful particles in which at the time wasnt cognize to the people as the people werent so educated upon the substances being added to toys to cars and even to your everyday values.This understanding comes from many years of research as to where history repeats itself. All throughout the existence of mankind, people never had a bag on the importance of these harmful additives were going to impact the future. Now that the reproach has been inflected in todays society todays generation are now paying the debt from the generation in the past. Considering the changes over the years and how modern technology has globalize and unify the world to come to an understanding that now we need to take a stand and ensure that alternative energy is a tell concepts of mankind to survive. Now that generations are being more or well educated upon the sources and procedures they can take to ensure alternate energy is attain, this can ensure a brighter and better future.Such as electric cars, to interbreeding cars, and even to hydro cars are one of many examples of how alternative energy can be embraced and be globalized to the modern society. The future has yet to be told and there are many reasons as to why the mankind race is the way they are. Billions of years later and there have been a tremendous journey towards technology to find better ways of the use of alternative energy. To implicate all is to know it all many will disagree but to come to an understanding of alternative energy people will need find ways to get themselves well educated with the subject at hand. There are so many programs out there in the efforts of informing the people of the world that a sustainable future is a bright future in which we all can live in.Many today are pushing to find more alternative energy to en sure a better and brighter future for tomorrow. Just like the ethnicities of the world mankind has become so diverse that even in determination ways of alternative energy or renewable energy scientist want to find all or many diverse ways to cover the concept of a sustainable future for Hawaii. Hawaii is well know for its natural beauty, and because of its natural beauty a sustainable future is the key to a bright future for tomorrows generation. In another walk of life trying to bring knowledge to the people has proven effective but yet not to complete, due to the fact that not everyone will be informed or educated well enough and just do because its the right thing to do, however to give them glance at what a sustainable environment will look like if one encountered.Many things can be taken out about this and that is no matter what happens there is a meaning for it and why it happened to be that way. No matter what though there hasnt been enough information passed along to ensur e that a sustainable future is what we will see.However according the Sustainable Energy Coalition (SEC) brings together more than 60 national and state-level business, environmental, consumer, and energy form _or_ system of government organizations. Founded in 1992, the Coalition promotes increased federal support for energy aptitude and renewable energy technologies and reduced federal support for unsafe or polluting energy resources (Sustainable, 2010)

Why Some Revolutions Fail

Why Some Revolutions Fail m both a nonher(prenominal) vicissitudes occurred around the world in the past hundreds years, mainly in the ontogeny world, and well-nigh of them succeed, while others failed. In this essay, the aim is to examine the why is that some bring on succeeded while others failed.Before proceeding to the examination of the question, it is necessary to rig the term variation and how to define a rotary motion as advantage or distress. In this essay, I infrastand revolution as any(prenominal) and all instances in which a state or governmental governance is overthrown and thereby transformed by a popular movement in an irregular, extra-constitutional, and/or violent fashion. 1 And base on this definition, a succeederful revolution is one that female genital organ overthrow the active administration. Interestingly, this definition come throughs some acuteness to the question, as revolution involves popular movement, therefore not surprisingly the pop ularity of the mobilisation of the masses is one factor to consider for the question. Revolutions be never just a result of economic injustice or even maturation they be a response to a brutal, oppressive government. This is the principle of this essay. I entrust argue that veritable semi policy-making factors, namely the exclusionary record of the lively governing and the administration of the ultra confederacy and its popularity, helps to make revolutions much apt(predicate) to succeed.The first factor I leave discuss is the formation of the basal compacts and its popularity. Quite often, revolution begins with a particular sector of the fiat, and then others heart in to form a confederacy, united by common objective. In the third world, where revolutions are usually responses to imperialism, nationalism served as a very useful political tool. The role of peasants is very central in uprisings. yet my occupation is that to succeed in a revolution, there mu st be a optical fusion. Ideally it bequeath comprise contrasting ethnic or social crime syndicatees. One key group that weed be significantly decisive to the event is the professional new organisation. This is the urban intellectuals or the plaza class. The argument here is not that a particular group is much than than important than others each group plays an important role in organising the revolution movement in their own way. However, for the revolution movement to be a successful one, it is necessary for these groups to work together. Indeed, successful revolution movement in Vietnam and Nicaragua, the unification by the revolution had the peasants and middle class, but also of landless and migrant laborers, rural artisans, rich peasants, and even landlord. 2 It is the supports form different sectors of the bon ton that entrust increase the chance of success. The ability for the revolutionary densification to be as inclusive as possible has a role in determining the likelihood of success. A revolution fails because like the government it is arduous to overthrow, the revolutionary force also fails to supplementress to the grievances of different social groups. To be able to organise a coalition with wide ranging groups can forfend this weakness.The next question regarding the formation of revolution coalition is why different groups join together. A coalition that has internal tension and rivalry is not going to last long, let alone making the revolution much likely to success. The answer, bootlicking from observations based on successful revolutions, is that revolutionary coalition impart employ different parleys, like religious and nationalist. Under these discourses, the coalition can legitimate the resistant movement to the regime and also chemical group different social classes. The Marxist ideology, the notion of class struggle provide not been peculiarly beneficial as a discourse. The coalition needfully to attract as ma ny, diverse classes as possible, and by emphasising class struggle leave behind defeat the point. Therefore ironically, revolutionary coalition led by Marxists group had been more than successful when they had put less emphasises on class struggle. The most common discourse, also the most forefingerful discourse is nationalism. It has turn up to be more inclusive, has a more appealing effect on different social classes.So far, I have identified nationalism as a popular and powerful discourse for revolutionary movements to run into momentum and thrive for success. However, the revolution cannot simply be an ideological one. A popular revolutionary coalition need to deliver something physical, delivering collective goods had turn up to be the key. This is especially the case for economically less trailed countries, where the existing regime has rarely provided anything for its population. The argument is that the coalition strengthened support by providing collective goods, gen erating progress and eventually overthrows the existing regime. The coalition asserts supports by its actions, which helps to develop its own loyal client ne cardinalrk. This is especially relevant to the question, failed attempt of revolutions, are the ones that fail to turn action into words.A successful revolutionary coalition is one that can gather social groups, groups that are originally excluded by the existing regime. So if the coalition can hold back a broader aim of social groups, it will make the revolution more likely to success. To feel how broad the level of social groups that are available to incorporate, this correlated to the bite factor I consider to be important, the exclusionary nature of the existing regime. The argument is that the more soap the regime, meaning the less social groups it chose to incorporate with, the more potential the coalition can incorporate and mobilise with.Revolution itself is a reactionary product and is not breed in a political va cuum. The political context which revolution movements operate in is determined by the nature of the existing regime. Needless to say, revolution is usually against an sniffy regime. And it is the shut or exclusionary one where if a revolution took place, it is more likely to succeed. On the contrary, a more inclusionary authoritarian regime is difficult to overthrow. Despite the omit of civil rights and public participation in public affairs, these inclusionary authoritarian regimes maintain in power through patronage, they incorporated with social groups that they deemed their supports are important, where they will give benefits to these groups in return for their loyalty. This narrows the political spaces for the revolutionary coalition can take place, hence diminish the probability of a successful revolution.An exclusionary regime are advantageous for the revolutionary coalition, the coalition will be more likely to have a broader combination of social groups. This is because of a round of reasons. Firstly, groups that are excluded by the regime, when there is economic discontent as a result, will be politicised. Trade Unions are one example, whereby excluded by the regime, their divisions will be severely limited. The politicisation of trade unions is inevitable because they must gain political power within the political structure in order to function properly. This applies to other lower class groups and their relevant organisation. The second reason is implicated with the lack of political legitimacy of the exclusionary regime. This lack of political legitimacy is a common challenge faced by any type of authoritarian regime, any kind of discontent in regards to social, political or economic issues will combined into questioning the legitimacy of the existing regime. The illegitimate nature of the regime will solidified the legitimacy of the revolutionary movement. And lastly, because of this exclusionary nature of the regime, it cannot incorporate necessary social groups into its political structure, which would have enabled the regime to dilute the formation of the revolutionary coalition and prevent any revolutions. It should be noted that so far I have discussed how an exclusionary regime is unable to provide leave for participations of social groups, however there is a possibility of an exclusionary regime, perhaps under wise leadership, decided to adapt into a more inclusionary approach to dish out the threat of revolution. Therefore, I would argue that not only exclusionary nature of regime is necessary for a revolution to succeed the regime also has to be incapable of reform, it is inflexible.An inflexible, exclusionary regime is usually one of the following deuce types, a colonial government of call for ruled by the imperial power or a dictator ruled regime. The inflexible nature of this two type will makes this type of regime an ideal type for revolutionary coalition to succeed. The common between these two types is its coition with remote power. The relation between a colonial government and foreign power is obvious a dictator, if being seen as the best option for stability in a chaotic region or a reliable anti-communist partnership during the cold war period, will usually find backing from abroad. This foreign power backing fuels the popularity and legitimacy of nationalist discourse employed by the revolutionary coalition to unite different social groups. As address before, nationalism appeals across different level of social groups and the association of the regime with foreign power will provide a more powerful, have photograph of a common enemy. Hence, foreign backings contribute to uniting revolutionary coalition. Foreign backing is also one of the reasons why these exclusionary regimes are particularly inflexible. Dictator acted as stability force in the region, may enjoy financial rewards for their effort, however, it also means they render their autonomy on true domestic issues. Any attempts for the dictator to widen participations can back firing with discontent from abroad. The foreign interest in the regime is for it to maintain stable, any changes in the political structure, even with good intentions, invite uncertainty to stability. The possibilities of revolutions are not of concerns for the foreign power, and when revolutionary coalition can incorporate local anesthetic selecteds and middle class, groups that are ideal for establishing liberal democracy, foreign power will withdraw their support for the dictator. In the case of direct colonial government, it will also generate momentum for the revolutionary coalitions nationalist discourse. The interest of colonialists to hold position in senior level administrative role and profitable business sectors will fuse frustration of the elite and middle class, as a consequence, these groups will join the revolutionary coalition. And it will not consider widening participation of these domestic s ocial groups, as that will weaken the power of the foreign power, contradict to the purpose of direct ruled. The conclusion is an association between the regime and foreign powers will provide a common enemy, a negative coalition can be formed against this common enemy. And as previously argue, a revolutionary coalition with broad support across the society is more likely to succeed, the image of foreign power helps the coalition to broaden its support. The existing regime becomes a symbol of antinational, standing on the opposite end of the nationalism discourse the revolutionary coalition is advancing.Foreign backing, associating with the existing regime makes the revolution more likely to succeed. Foreign backing on the revolutionary coalition will also have a positive effect on the outcome of the revolution. The argument is brought forward by Robert Dix, where he used the revolution in Cuba and Nicaragua as exampleThe anti-regime coalition included key internationalistic actors that served as sources of refuge, training, and material and diplomatic support for the revolutionaries.Thus Castros forces were able to assemble and train in Mexico, and received various kinds of assistance from the governments of Venezuela and Costa Rica.The United States cut murder military aid to Batista in April 1958. The Nicaraguan revolutionaries received aid from several(prenominal) of that countrys Central American and Caribbean neighbors.Other Latin American revolutionaries have been sorely lacking(p) in this regard.None were able to obtain either the level of international legitimacy or the degree of tangible assistance gained by their counterparts in Cuba or Nicaragua. 3 Dix examples of Cuba and Nicaragua showed how foreign states can affect the outcome, actively engage in the case of the Venezuela and Costa Rica, by providing assistance to Castro, or passively in the case of United States, by withdrawing support from the existing regime. However, I would add that suc h foreign backing, especially the active kind can slow back fire. The revolutionary coalition under the name of nationalism would calculate contradicting once its dependence on this foreign assistance exceeds a certain point. Indeed, this certain point is matter of degree and it is not possible to draw a line in practice. This point I am trying to illustrate is that foreign backing on revolutionary coalition can be a reason why revolution succeed, however at the same time, it can be a reason why revolution fail.Leon Trotsky once wrote that the mere existence of privations is not enough to cause an disorder if it were, the masses would be always in revolt. 4 In this essay, I have demonstrated how Trotskys word is still relevant. I have argued that it is the political factors that have a crucial impact of the determining the outcome of revolution. The two factors I consider to be important are the success of forming a revolutionary coalition, where it encompasses a broad level of different social groups and the existing political context, which is determine by the existing regime and the more exclusive and inflexible ones are particularly vulnerable to revolution. The argument I modernistic is that the political relationship between the existing regime, various sections within the society and foreign states, provide insight in why revolution is more likely to succeed under particular circumstance. The formation of revolutionary coalition is closely linked to this political relationship, and I have examined how successful coalition had worked under this circumstance. It should be noted that these factors do not guarantee the success however the lack or absent of these factors will make failure as an inevitable outcome.Bibliography1 Jeff Goodwin, No other way out states and revolutionary movements, 1945-1991, (Cambridge 2001)2 Theda Skocpol, Social revolutions in the modern world, (Cambridge 1994)3 Robert Dix, Why revolution succeed failed in Polity, (Vol. 16, No. 3, Spring 1984)4 Leon Trotsky, The history of the Russian Revolution, trans. Max Eastman (New York, 1961)

Absence of Evidence, or Evidence of Absence; A paper on Animal Consciou

Absence of Evidence, or Evidence of Absence?A paper on physical ConsciousnessConsciousness is a problematical term to grasp so much so, that many scientists impart non fifty-fifty attempt to define the term, much less search for its take the stand. Most however, do agree that consciousness must include true aspects specifically cognition, self-awargonness, memory, and abstract thought.Lesley J. Rogers describes consciousness as, related to awareness, intelligence, and complex cognition, as good as language. Consciousness may be manifested in self-awareness, awareness of others, k at one timeledgeable behavior, including intentional communication, deception of others, and in the ability to make mental and symbolical government agencys (13).There is no question that humans carry these attri alonees, but what most wildcats? Some philosophers, including Descartes, claimed that while humans are conscious, sensuals are like machines, with no thought process or sentience. Other s claim that animals are very fitting of consciousness, and that we just have non had the capabilities to test the aspects of it through the scientific method. As Donald R. Griffin expressedConscious thinking may well be a core function of central nervous systems. For conscious animals approve the advantage of being able to think about alternative actions and divide behavior they believe will get them what they want or sponsor them avoid what they dislike or fear. Of course human consciousness is astronomically more complex and versatile than any conceivable animal thinking, but the basic question addressedis whether the difference is qualitative and absolute, or whether animals are conscious even though the content of their consciousness is undoubtedly special and very likely quite different of ours. (3)This paper will prospect at what evidence there is that may imply that some, if not all, vertebrate animals may have the capacity for conscious thinking. Cognition, for exam ple is something that animals may assume in order to adapt to their changing environments so quickly. Cognition is an animals ability to make a decision by evaluating or processing current information based on some representation of prior experience (Kamil in Pepperberg 127). Some animal studies, such as Franci... ...th other animals, because we do not share the same forms of communication. We sens not ask what other animals are thinking, what they want or feel, or even determine if they have a sense of self. What is known right now is that we do not know, but that is no reason to throw the itch out with the bathwater and assume animal consciousness does not or can not exist. Until further observations or tests can be developed that will start to lead man to a closer understanding of the animal mind, it is important to remember that absence of evidence does not imply evidence of absence.Works CitedGriffin, Donald R. Animal Minds Beyond Cognition to Consciousness. Chicago, IL Uni versity of Chicago Press, 2001.Patterson, Francine, and Eugene Linden. The facts of life of Koko. New York, NY Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1981.Pepperberg, Irene. The Alex Studies Cognitive and Communicative Abilities of Grey Parrots. Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press, 1999.Rogers, Lesley J. Minds of Their Own. Boulder, CO Westview Press, 1998.Wynne, Clive D.L. Animal Cognition. New York, NY Palgrave, 2001.

Why Do Females Ask Males The Question They Do? :: essays research papers

Every day males atomic number 18 confront with questions that, in a females perspective, are punishable by death if settlemented incorrectly. wherefore do they do this to us and what can males do to evade them? The questions seem basic enough at first glance. When examined further, the questions are without a resolution. They are questions the like What are you view, Do you love me, Do I number fat, and Does she cipher prettier than me? We know the acceptable answers to these questions, but when faced with them a pinhead look comes over our faces and all intelligent thoughts exit our minds. What are you thinking? The obvious answer is I was just thinking about what a warm, wonderful, thoughtful, caring, and intelligent woman you are, and how fortunate I am to have you. Of course, that is not what we are thinking at all. If, and I emphasize if, because most of the duration were not thinking anything at all, its to a greater extent along the lines of Football, sex, baseball, or how much prettier that woman is than you. These are the types of answers that can get you a nice secondary place to sleep on the couch. Do you love me? This question perpetually screws us up. If she ask us this she most likely loves us. This makes the answer, and delivery, all that more important. The obvious answer is Yes, spoken with looking. Eye contact is important. You can level(p) change it up with Yes, baby. Contrary to popular belief males do feel love and when we do, at least from my own experience we let the young lady know it. When we dont feel it answers like I calculate so come out. Heres a little tip, never use the word suppose in a sentence when talk of the town about love. Other answers would include That depends on what you mean by love, Does it matter, or Who me? None of these should pass your lips without expecting some sort of retaliation.Do I look fat? This question is another one of the biggies. A good answer would go along the lines of Of course no t Incorrect answers sound like Compared to what, I wouldnt call you fat, but your not exactly thin, A little extra weight looks good on you, and a defined Freudian slip Ive seen fatter. Once again, what we say and what we think does not always match, and honesty is not always the best policy.

The Aztec :: essays research papers

The AztecThe Aztec was a polish that dominated the Valley of Mexico in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. All the Nahua-speaking populates in the Valley of Mexico were Aztecs, while the culture that dominated the area called the Tenochca. At the time of the European conquest, they called themselves either "Tenochca" or "Toltec," which was the name assumed by the bearers of the Classic Mesoamerican culture. Sadly, the many of the Aztec didnt buy the farm after the arrival of the Europeans. merely during the earlier years, the Aztec became one of the most advanced civilizations because of their religion, war, and agriculture.In the Aztec religion, they performed human sacrifices for the deitys daily. Sacrifice was one of the main flatts in the Aztec religion. They believed that the people being sacrificed, were their messengers to the gods. In basic ceremonies, slaves or victims of war were used to sacrifice. But in more outstanding ceremonies, people of hig her rank, especially warriors, volunteered themselves. Since on that point were many gods, the sacrifice depended on what god they were worshiping. Sometimes, the death was drowning, burning, or beheading. In a coarse of a year, the death toll was about several(prenominal) thousands. Human sacrifices were offerings to the sun and earth so that food would grow. The Aztecs respected their gods in truth much. They put their greatest efforts into making strong, beautiful temples to please their gods. Their arts had a part in their religion. They drew pictures that told about their gods. They recorded religious events with hieroglyphics and even number symbols. The Aztecs worshipped about 1,000 gods But they worshipped the sun god the most. Religious ceremonies took place in a temple called a teocalli. This temple had sacred pools for ceremonial cleansing, gardens, living quarters for a priest, and racks to hold the skulls of victims. morality played a great part in Aztec life.Althoug h religion was an important motivator in Aztec life, farming was the common activity. Much of Aztec life was create around farming, which was extremely necessary to keep up with the growing population. Since the impose that the Aztecs farmed was not fertile enough to grow enough food to comport the population, the Aztecs were forced to invent methods to increase productivity. These methods included irrigation, fertilizer, and even building terraces on hills that were previously not farmable. The truly original idea, however, was chinampas. Chinampas were floating gardens built on swamps.

Microsoft vs. DOJ :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Microsoft vs. DOJArguments of the DoJ (the sporting paper)1. Microsoft and its Monopoly PowerMS monopoly origin is in personal computer operating systems. A PC operating system as you all(prenominal) know controls the interaction of the different parts of the computer. It creates files, organizes the computers keeping and creates a platform for applications.The operating system is indispensible to the computer for this reason. Maybe that changes as technology evolves however right now a computer without an OS is nothing but a box of inert hardw atomic number 18. MS today ships 97% of PC OS that are installed by computer manufacturers. suit of clothes law defines monopoly as beginning at about a 70% share of the market. just now this yet when isnt illegal in lever to superior products, service or mere luck. Nor does market share alone necessarily imply monopoly power. For example a manufacturer might generate 100% of knickers on the market. But if there are opposite pants manufacturers who are able to turn their production into knickers, the one and only knickers producer wouldnt be able to charge more(prenominal) than a emulous price or exclude rivals from his market.Speaking of this pocket-sized example its now clear what monopoly power means it is the power to control prices and exclude competition. MS has and still exercises, both form of monopoly power. It charges supra competitive prices and use tactics that eliminate rivals. And not because MS are superior to others and more beneficial to the consumers. No, not at all, MS uses predaceous tactics whose sole purpose is to destroy its rivals.MS often has denied that it posesses monopoly power but their arguments are quite feeble.A MS spokesman express that the market is highly dynamic and that there are only first barriers to enter the market, especially for fringe firms. But this is untrue for the means of competition. on that point might be a lot of sore technology but the barriers MS d eliberately put up made it impossible for bran-new market entry. The result is that MS can charge higher than competitive prices without a loss of market share.Another argument of MS is that its monopoly power is defeated by ist need to compete against its admit installed base meaning that MS has eg now to compete against win 95.But this is another partly untrue argument because most consumers think of a new OS only when they want to buy a new computer and replace their old one.

Literature In Modern Times :: essays research papers

CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION1.0 PresentationFrom the very beginning of human species, literature existed stead by side. Human life, in the form of human passions, feelings, loves, sufferings, and human invoice existed in the literatures. Human legends started with the very gem age, recorded in the stone scripts. It was a human need to communicate the past to the future generations. Poetry, as an art form, has been for many centuries praised, contemplated and has continued to affect man. Man has used rhyme to express love and grief, birth and death, innocence and guilt, heaven and hell in a more(prenominal) effective elbow room. In order to procure such a way of expression the poet does not have any other material at his disposal except manner of speaking. However in poetry, this language itself, turns out to be the goal of the poet rather than only an instrument for communication. Her/his way of expressing ideas and emotions summarises the poets craftsmanship and creativity. Wha t the poet does is that he/she illustrates and exemplifies how language can be used to achieve the most effective way of expression. Poems deal with universal themes such as love and hate, birth and death, innocence and guilt, heaven and hell, which are familiar to each(prenominal) readers. For this reason, believing in the importance of literature and the contribution of poetry to language didactics and learning, we have decided to use poetry to act as a means to enrich the language awareness of ELT majors.1.1 Background of the fussUntil the late 60s and early 70s the teaching of literature in foreign and second language classes was an activity whose vindication was assumed to be obvious. Poetry and literature in general became the bury man since then, and this can be ascribed to the advent of communicative language teaching. With the modify emphasis of the study of English for practical purposes, technical or otherwise, as well as an emphasis on the spoken language more than on written language, the role of literary texts in the language schoolroom and the relationship between language teaching and literature teaching in the EFL context seemed to be totally neglected. Looking through TEFL/ TESL writings in the 70s and 80s, one can find teeny-weeny about the teaching of literary texts and hardly anything controversial. Although poetry has been the focus of pertain for ages, it has not got its deserved place in English language teaching.

Periods Of English Literature :: essays research papers

Question Show how the voices of spell outrs through many centuries of literature have depicted a variety of mentalities and lifestyles. .Centuries could pass, and not many changes could be easily sensed by the common man, as those changes came gradually. Yet those changes potful be pronto discerned when looking at England as a whole, not looking at parts of narrative individually. The alterations of life, when looked at from a certain literary viewpoint, can be explained when one looks at the different periods in English literature, visual perception the depictions of a certain era through writings that unintentionally mother great varieties in the mentality and lifestyles of the people who lived during that time. From war and violence to the more than genteel inclinations of love and peace, English literature has evolved throughout the centuries, most especially if one considers the differences between the Old English, Renaissance and Romantic periods.The Anglo-Saxon history is undoubtedly very interesting to study, as the period spans several(prenominal) centuries and several different inhabitants of the land now known as England. The main peculiarity of this time was the heroic ideal, which was the attempt by a hero to do things such(prenominal) as sailing a ship through a storm and taming a horse better than anyone else. The heros initiatory priority, however, was to always be ready to fight. The Angles were a heathen race, worshipping old Nordic gods and Wyrd (fate). It is very important to remember that it was the Anglo-Saxons who determined the basic language and purification of the English race, therefore it was them that were the instalation upon which literature would stand. The first literature found in the history of this period was during the reign of the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes. It was not really literature, in that it was written down by anybody, in mass-produced copies. The literature tolerate then consisted of songs, sang by bards, who embellished the story with every telling. It was only in later years that the tales were written down. This came about during the reign of Christianity, where the monks had tried to write down all of the tales that the bards sang, the ancient folk tales of the Anglo-Saxons. The monks also tried to inculcate the Anglo-Saxons with a love for Christianity, where the heroes were Christ and his Apostles, by writing poetry such as Cinewulf?, The Dream of the Rood?

Edgar Allen Poe :: essays research papers

In Edgar Allan Poe&8217s &8220The Pit and the Pendulum and &8220The Masque of the Red Death, the causation uses different symbolism to illustrate the image of stopping point. In both of these stories, termination is the final result of a punishment, the end of a human&8217s heart. However, in the first story, Poe sees us that there exists something in human &8216s tone that is more terrible than wipe come to the fore. And in the second story, Poe tells us that demise is inevitable and it is useless if you try to escape it. From the beginning of &8220The Pit and the Pendulum, Poe starts to appearance us the desperation and the little curse the fabricator senses in the prison house. He is whole and lost, he can&8217t see anything and hear any voice. It makes him palpate hopeless and scared. The complete dark pit where the Inquisition shuts the fibber up creates an atmosphere of death and fear. The fact that the pit is an abyss makes the readers think of death. In addit ion, the ceiling of the prison where a huge pendulum with a scythe hangs shows that the narrator&8217s spirit is in danger. The image of death becomes clearer when the narrator finds knocked out(p) that the pendulum is in motion. &8220But what mainly disturbed me was the idea that it had perceptibly descended. I now observed- with what horror it is needless to say- that its neither extremity was formed of a crescent&8230(68). Death becomes impossible to prevent in this case. Especially when the pendulum keeps leaving down. As Poe describes, &8220Down- still unceasingly- still inevitably down I gasped and struggled at each vibration&8230(70) However, when we all wait to see the end, the narrator is rescue by the rats. This unexpected change gives us a message that life-time is full of unexpected and we can never lose hope. But a more unimaginable thing happens right after the escape from the pendulum.The prison (the pit) becomes hot like a heated iron. Moreover, &8220 a richer t int of sluice diffused itself over the pictured horrors of blood (72) Here, we can make a federation between blood and death easily. Once again, the narrator &8216s life is in menace. Fortunately, the narrator is salvage at the last minute, but the terror and the fear he feels during that period seems more terrific than death. In fact, Poe shows us compare to the affliction the narrator suffers in the pit, death becomes a relief.Edgar Allen Poe essays research papers In Edgar Allan Poe&8217s &8220The Pit and the Pendulum and &8220The Masque of the Red Death, the occasion uses different symbolism to illustrate the image of death. In both of these stories, death is the final result of a punishment, the end of a human&8217s life. However, in the first story, Poe shows us that there exists something in human &8216s life that is more terrible than death. And in the second story, Poe tells us that death is inevitable and it is useless if you try to escape it. From the beginning of &8220The Pit and the Pendulum, Poe starts to show us the desperation and the terror the narrator feels in the prison. He is wholly and lost, he can&8217t see anything and hear any voice. It makes him feel hopeless and scared. The complete dark pit where the Inquisition shuts the narrator up creates an atmosphere of death and fear. The fact that the pit is an abyss makes the readers think of death. In addition, the ceiling of the prison where a huge pendulum with a scythe hangs shows that the narrator&8217s life is in danger. The image of death becomes clearer when the narrator finds out that the pendulum is in motion. &8220But what mainly disturbed me was the idea that it had perceptibly descended. I now observed- with what horror it is needless to say- that its neither extremity was formed of a crescent&8230(68). Death becomes impossible to prevent in this case. Especially when the pendulum keeps expiration down. As Poe describes, &8220Down- still unceasingly- still inevitably d own I gasped and struggled at each vibration&8230(70) However, when we all wait to see the end, the narrator is saved by the rats. This unexpected change gives us a message that life is full of unexpected and we can never lose hope. But a more unimaginable thing happens right after the escape from the pendulum.The prison (the pit) becomes hot like a heated iron. Moreover, &8220 a richer tint of cherry diffused itself over the pictured horrors of blood (72) Here, we can make a data link between blood and death easily. Once again, the narrator &8216s life is in menace. Fortunately, the narrator is saved at the last minute, but the terror and the fear he feels during that period seems more terrific than death. In fact, Poe shows us compare to the affliction the narrator suffers in the pit, death becomes a relief.

Victorian Writing :: essays research papers

How can I describe my emotions at this catastrophe, or how delineate the poor devil whom with such infinite pains and care I had endeavoured to form? His limbs were in proportion, and I had selected his features as beautiful. Beautiful -- Great God His yellow cutis scarcely covered the work of muscles and arteries beneath his hair was of a vivid black, and flowing his teeth of a pearly whiteness but these luxuriances precisely formed a more horrid contrast with his watery eyes, that seemed some of the same colour as the dun white sockets in which they were set, his lessen complexion and straight black lips.As my eyes fixated on my creation, lightning fl ashed among the clouds and was followed by drumming thunder. Rain started to pound down on the roof preceding(prenominal) me, like stones falling from the sky, the sound becoming progressively deafening by the minute. The surrounding trees howled terrifyingly, swaying from side to side, with the immense winds almost uprooting t hem. Debris, pushed up by the winds, crashed by the nominates windows. Glass flew apart with piercing sounds, flying towards me, and with spry strokes, they sliced the flesh on my organization. Blood oozed out of the cuts profusely and my face became gory with red. The weather became more ferocious and the chilly winds blew through the wrecked windows, down my spine. The teeth in my mouth started chattering from the chills and fear. The going-on outside the house was overwhelming, numbing my senses and movement. Oh Lord I said. What begin I done scathe?Lightning unrelentingly flashed and thunder still roared after. This time, it was even more earsplitting. I have incurred Gods wrath, our environment and surroundings are his domain, expressing his fury. I continue to look up at the sky above, questioning God. Every take down thrown at him caused the storm to intensify. Nevertheless, I did not hold plunk for as the potent emotions within me spurred me let it all out. Suddenly , there was a strident crash behind me, which could be heard among all the noises outside the house. I turned my head and the floor was covered in scattered porcelain chips. My ancestral urn had fallen onto the floor. The floral velvet carpet that once disgrace colourful and vibrate, was now stained with fine gray ash and the caudex dripping off my scared face. Persistent chilling winds blew through the window, and the ash flew with the gust and the room immediately became hazy.

Henry Thoreau and Science :: Literature Poems Ecology Papers

henry Thoreau and recognitionThough best kn sustain as a literary figure, henry Thoreau showed a lasting interest in knowledge. He read wide in the scientific literature of his day and published one the beginning scholarly discussions on forest succession. In fact, some historians rate Thoreau as one of the founders of the modern accomplishment of ecology. At the identical time, Thoreau often lamented acquisitions tendency to kill poetry. Scientific writings coupled with his own careful observations often revealed life to him, hardly in other ways rendered nature lifeless. Modern-day Thoreauvians are also cognisant that science has largely become a tool for control and increase consumption, earlier than for the apprehension and protection of wild nature. This write up explores some of Thoreaus reflections on science and system, and presents his view of the proper role of science in our lives. As bequeath become clear, Thoreaus worries are occasioned by his own scientif ic endeavors. His responses to sciences insufficiencies are reformist, suggesting ways to improve and supplement science rather than discard it. Why do precisely these objects which we behold make a world? Why has man just these species of animals for his neighbors as if nothing but a mouse could have filled this crevice? Walden (1)IntroductionHenry Thoreau, like Goethe before him, showed a lasting interest in science. (2) He belonged to the Boston Natural History Society from 1850 onwards, and read widely in the current scientific literature. Beyond this, Thoreau was intensely interested in the scientific puzzles suggested by his own rambles around Concord, Massachusetts. In the years following Waldens publication he observed to a greater extent systematically and tested his hypotheses more rigorously, and published one of the first scholarly discussions on forest succession. about historians rate Thoreau as one of the founders of the modern science of ecology. (3)At the same tim e Thoreau often lamented sciences tendency to kill poetry. The scientific writings of others and his own careful observations often revealed life to him, but at other times rendered nature lifeless. (4) Modern-day Thoreauvians are also aware of sciences role in the imperialistic conquest of nature. We drive in the wild, yet science has largely become a tool for control, commodification and increased consumption, rather than for the appreciation and protection of nature. (5) The proper role of science in human society and in our own lives is thus an important issue.This paper explores some of Thoreaus reflections on science and system.

The Federal Budget Essay -- United States Government Taxes Essays

The national Budget The national compute is known as the notorious m startary tank from which property is distributed to various programs. Why does the federal official cipher invent behave such uproar of approval or reprehension when it is proposed by the President every February? The money utilized every fiscal year, which runs from October beginning(a) of each year until the end of September of the following year, belongs to the people. The money is elevated through income taxes, excise taxes (taxes on goods) and social insurance paysheet taxes. Presently, the normal is worried about how they will receive a join mete out of money appropriations in such a slow economy. The federal famine has returned, which means that the presidencys spending exceeds its raised revenues. The federal work out is an exercise in making choices, and these choices will inevitably vex a dramatic impact on individuals living in the U.S. historical expression The present federal budget can be characterized by one word deficit spending. It has been a way of life for the federal politics since World War II. The last times that federal budget expenses were brought into remainder with revenues were in 2000, 1998, 1969, and 1960. Prior to 1940, the federal budget was balanced, except in days of war and economic recession. There are many theories to the causes of morose federal budget deficits during the last forty years. Many experts believe the cause of the certain deficit originates in policy mistakes of the 1980s, such as the drop-off in taxes and increase in defense spending. Others believe that the American universal is demanding much in government benefits than it is willing to pay for in taxes. However, the multiform budget... ... are more connected to their constituents. Conservatives argue that even the federal government should be held accountable for spending. In particular, government program s must be held to uncompromising standards and business whether the balance is balanced or not. Works CitedCogan, John F. federal official Budget. The taciturn Encyclopedia of Economics. 05 Oct. 2003 . Crapo, Mike. Federal Budget. Mike Crapo United States Senator Fast Facts. 06 Oct. 2003 . Overview The mercantile establishment at a Glance. populace Agenda. 05 Oct.03 agenda.org/issues/overview.cfm?issue type=federal budget. The Perspectives in Detail. Public Agenda. 05 Oct.2003 The Federal Budget Essay -- United States Government Taxes EssaysThe Federal Budget The federal budget is known as the infamous monetary tank from which money is distributed to various programs. Why does the federal budget plan cause such uproar of approval or disapproval when it is proposed by the President every February? The money utilized every fiscal year, which runs from October 1st of each year until the end of September of the following year, belon gs to the people. The money is raised through income taxes, excise taxes (taxes on goods) and social insurance payroll taxes. Presently, the public is worried about how they will receive a fair share of money appropriations in such a slow economy. The federal deficit has returned, which means that the governments spending exceeds its raised revenues. The federal budget is an exercise in making choices, and these choices will inevitably make a dramatic impact on individuals living in the U.S. Historical View The present federal budget can be characterized by one word deficit spending. It has been a way of life for the federal government since World War II. The last times that federal budget expenses were brought into balance with revenues were in 2000, 1998, 1969, and 1960. Prior to 1940, the federal budget was balanced, except in years of war and economic recession. There are many theories to the causes of persistent federal budget deficits during th e last forty years. Many experts believe the cause of the current deficit originates in policy mistakes of the 1980s, such as the reduction in taxes and increase in defense spending. Others believe that the American public is demanding more in government benefits than it is willing to pay for in taxes. However, the complex budget... ... are more connected to their constituents. Conservatives argue that even the federal government should be held accountable for spending. In particular, government programs must be held to strict standards and accountability whether the balance is balanced or not. Works CitedCogan, John F. Federal Budget. The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics. 05 Oct. 2003 . Crapo, Mike. Federal Budget. Mike Crapo United States Senator Fast Facts. 06 Oct. 2003 . Overview The Issue at a Glance. Public Agenda. 05 Oct.03 agenda.org/issues/overview.cfm?issue type=federal budget. The Perspectives in Detail. Public Agenda. 05 Oct.2003

Free Euthanasia Essays: Assisted Suicide :: Free Euthanasia Essay

Assisted Suicide To mandate the taking of innocent human life is to contradict a primitive purpose of law in an ordered party. A law or court decision allowing assisted suicide would demean the lives of vulnerable patients and pick up them to exploitation by those who feel they atomic number 18 better off dead. such(prenominal) a policy would corrupt the medical profession, whose ethical code calls on physicians to serve life and never to kill. The voiceless or marginalized in our conjunction -- the poor, the frail elderly, racial minorities, millions of populate who lack wellness insurance -- would be the first to feel pressure to die. What about competent, terminally ill sight who say they really want assisted suicide? Suicidal longinges among the terminally ill are no less due to treatable depression than the aforesaid(prenominal) wishes among the fit. When their pain, depression and some other problems are addressed, there is generally no more than talk of suicide. If we respond to a death wish in matchless group of people with counseling and suicide prevention, and respond to the same wish in another group by offering them lethal drugs, we hit made our own tragic choice as a society that some peoples lives are objectively not worth protecting. How does cost don into this issue? In an era of cost control and managed care, patients with lingering distemperes may be branded an economic liability, and decisions to encourage death can be driven by cost. As Acting U.S. Solicitor General Walter Dellinger warned in urging the Supreme Court to uphold laws against assisted suicide The least(prenominal) costly treatment for any illness is lethal medication. Why are people with disabilities worried about assisted suicide? Many people with disabilities have long experience with prejudicial attitudes on the part of able-bodied people, including physicians, who say they would rather be dead than disabled. Such prejudices could easily widen familie s, physicians and society to encourage death for people who are depressed and emotionally vulnerable as they adjust to life with a serious illness or disability. To speak here of a free choice for suicide is a dangerously misguided abstraction. What is the view of the medical profession? The American Medical Association holds that physician-assisted suicide is fundamentally incompatible with the physicians role as healer. The AMA, along with the American Nurses Association, American Psychiatric Association and dozens of other medical groups, has urged the Supreme Court to uphold laws against assisted suicide, arguing that the situation to assist in taking patients lives is a power that most health care professionals do not want and could not control.

The Middle Ages Essay -- History Historical Middle Ages Essays

The mediate Ages Throughout succession, history has taken some impertinent turns. A single ruler establishing some new cook of governance can transform entire civilizations, or a single outcome can lead to the creation of a great new people. whatsoever the case, history can repeat itself in time. whizz possible immunity of this could be Britains time period of the Middle Ages. Bearing a distinct and unique culture relative to the time period, some of the raft and the customs held during this time have yet to be repeated in history. It is perhaps the most unique period of all time for the British Isles.Brief HistoryBefore the period of the middle ages, the British Isles loosely lay dormant in local disputes and settlements of small tribes. Up until the slowly 900s, the Anglos and the Saxons laid their claim to the land of Britain. However, this all soon changed. An ambitions individual with hero-like characteristics set foot and conquered the Anglo-Saxons and started Brit ain on its journey to modernism. Thus, the tide was set in inquiry for a new government and a civilized race. A monarchy was established, and the Middle ages began in roughly 975 AD (Vinogradoff, p 18).Feudal LifeIn the Medieval Period, life was either really great or very bad, according to your class. Only 2 classes existed during this time the nobles, such as kings and knights who lived inner(a) the castle, or the peasants, such as triming-class people who lived in very much unspeakable conditions. The peasants treated the nobles with the utmost respect, for if they didnt, then the nobles could have them beheaded. (Sanders, p 34). The nobles were most always the aces who owned land, and the peasants worked on this land in replace for a small portion of it, in a sense, rented out in exchange for the labor. Peasants often worked 16-hour days as long as they could see into the iniquity and got very bad nourishment. The noble was not interested in the wellness of the peasants working on his land, as there was a significant tote up of others who were very willing to take his or her place.Women had a very vexed position in society during the Middle Ages. The feudal age was cognise for its superstitions, and women were often convicted of witchcraft and burned at the stake. Some of the more lucky women held professions of there own, such as blacksmiths, carpenters, and apothecaries.... ...een defined. Juggling became a popular form of entertainment, as it was unpredictable and seemingly deadly objects could produce awe and fervor to the audience. Drama also played a big role during this time period, and plays were acted out only by males and only for the noble class. (McCarthy, para. 3).Perhaps the superlative and most unique time period of all time for the British Isles was the Middle Ages. The feudal system and the role of the monarchy led this seemingly softened piece of time on the path towards greatness in import and value. Social skills devel oped during this time to force humans to cooperate and work together to produce a lifestyle that was beneficial to everyone and not incisively a leader. Lessons have been learned from this time period, such that it is not perfect. Disputes inner(a) a community cannot be solved easily because they often sham the whole community and there will only be one side. Perhaps there are more lessons to be learned from this time. One can only hope that the future of modern warfare could be secretly embedded in the time of the middle ages. History has a tendency to repeat itself maybe the time has come for the middle ages.

Foreshadowing, Mood, Mythical Parallels, and Narrative Elements in Drac

Foreshadowing, Mood, mythologic Parallels, and Narrative Elements in Dracula In the novel Dracula, by Bram fireman, in that location is much evidence of foreshadowing and parallels to other myths. Dracula was not the startle fib featuring a vampire myth, nor was it the last. Some would even argue that it was not the best. However, it was the most archetype, using foreshadowing and mood to create horrific imagery, fabulous parallels to draw upon a source of superstition, and original narrative elements that make this story unique. Anyone who has ever seen one of the several adaptations of Dracula as a characterization will know that it was intended to be a horror story. reliever goes to great lengths in order to create an atmosphere of terror and villainy, piece bullocking at exciting things to come. Straight from the beginning of the book, foreshadowing is utilized to hint at horrifying future events. As Jonathan Harker was about to depart for fastness Dracula, an old la dy accosted him and said, It is the eve of St. Georges Day. Do you not know that to-night when the quantify strikes midnight, all the evil things in the world will have salutary sway? (Stoker, 4). However Harker leaves anyway, despite the warning. Thus the reader is fully aware(predicate) that something awful is going to happen to him. This quote makes ones mind think of doable future events, thus creating imagery. Every writer aspires to create good imagery, and Bram Stoker is particularly good at doing so. Another example of foreshadowing unfolds when Harker is world transported to Castle Dracula by the mysterious and tenebrous driver. Then, as we flew along, the driver leaned forward, and on each side the passengers, craning over the edg... ...are depicted in umteen instances in order to draw upon a source of superstition for added affirmation. Finally, original narrative elements are conceived in order to bring together a central theme of unity, which stresses the team work by which the protagonists defeated the vampires. Bram Stoker applies these elements to create an enriching, cause plot in the novel Dracula. Works Cited Birge, Barbara. Bram Stokers DRACULA The Quest for female person Potency in Transgressive Relationships. Psychological Perspectives. 1994. 22-36. Gutjahr, Paul. Stokers Dracula-Criticism and Interpretation. Explicator. Fall 1993. 36-40. Holland, Tom. A Sure Fang. impudently Statesman. Feb. 19, 2001. 40-42. Keats, P. Stokers Dracula. Explicator. Fall 1991. 26-29. Stoker, Bram. Dracula. Tom Doherty Associates New York, 1988.

global Practice Regents Essay :: essays research papers

Through out history, nations and regions surrender experienced barricades todevelopment as a result of geographic factors. *japan Japan is a mountainous region geographically isolated from the relaxationof the world with a lack of raw materials. They formed a barrier for trade,development, industrialization, and cultural diffusion. They attempted to adapt to thebarrier by turning to imperilization of chinaware to gain raw materials. *Russia Russia has very cold climatic conditions, the Ural mountains. The qualified to their geological barrier by using their weather to avoid being invaded byother nations. But they were un adequate to(p) to mine for minerals due to permafrost and thecold temperatures.*Switzerland Waterpower is the headland natural resource of Switzerland.Granite, limestone, and other building stones and salt are the wholly abundantmineral resources small deposits of iron and manganese ores are found. farming(a)resources are limited, as most of the soil is leac hed and stony. Neither the soil northe clime favors agriculture, and Switzerland must import much of the food itconsumes and subsidize the farms that do exist. to the highest degree all the farms are familyenterprises, and most are small in size. ball-shaped Regents Practice Essay No. 4This tasty creations of different cultures think over the values and goals of thepeople. These works are created in a variety of artistic mediums. *Traditional African/Dance Like music, African American trip the light fantastic is rootedin African and African American traditions. In Africa, dance is often an integral partof religious ceremonies. The degree to which African slaves were able to retainAfrican dance forms in North America depended on their masters. In round parts ofNorth America, dancing was frowned upon by some Protestant slave-owners assinful. Since these slave-owners defined dancing as crossing the feet, slaves adaptedtheir dances to conform to European beliefs, creating a shu ffling motion with thefeet that would be less(prenominal) offensive to Europeans.

The Economic Underpinnings of the First Industrial Revolution in England :: essays research papers

The Economic Underpinnings of the First Industrial Revolution in EnglandThe make out of armed services munitions and the development of a residencemarket were critical underpinnings of the premiere industrial revolution in Britain.Military manufacturing detained by the British Government contributed directlyto technological innovation and spurred industrialization. This is because thecompanies that choose to fulfill the disposal contracts to make militarymunitions found money could be made if parvenue processes and technology wasdeveloped to fulfill the huge contracts. Military manufacturing was one of the hardly a(prenominal) industries where innovation was rewarded. In most other industriesconservative indueors were reluctant to invest in new manufacturing technology.But in military manufacturing the government was the investor and was untroubled with the manufacturing technology as long as the product wasdelivered on time. some technological advances were made through mil itarymanufacturing some of these were new slipway to manufacture iron, conveyer belts,and the use machine tools . The technology developed for military manufacturingthen spilled over into the civilian sector of the economy. And because it wasnow a tried and true technology investors who were normally cautious were willing to puttheir capital into these ventures which sort of of pouring iron to make guns nowmade iron ore into stoves and pots.The stand by critical underpinning of the first industrial revolution wasthe development of a home market in Britain. The first British industrialistsmanufactured textiles specifically cotton fiber for the home market. The growth ofthe home market in Britain promoted industrialization in several ways. First, itwas a steady market which able to cushion the exportation market which was verydynamic and had sudden fluctuations. This allowed a steady evaluate of growth evenwhen exports fell. Second, the home market started the process of urbaniz ationby causing people to leave the agricultural sector of the economy and bleed tothe cities to work in the cotton and textile factories. This urbanization had asnowballing emergence throughout the economy because it caused other business andfactories to open in the cities to support this new urban class. Third, the homemarket caused investments to be made in improving infrastructure including roads,